Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering - Volume 34, issue 1

Authors: Yin, Yanfeng | Hu, Zongqiang | Guan, Zheng | Lv, Sha | Wang, Yiyin | Su, Wenjun | Yan, Chuntao | Wang, Yiting | Ma, Li | Jiang, Jie | Feng, Shiming | Li, Li

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute liver failure is one of the most intractable clinical problems. The use of bioartificial livers may solve donor shortage problems. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) are an excellent seed cell choice for artificial livers because they change their characteristics to resemble hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) following artificial liver transplantation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether the immunological characteristics of hUCMSCs are changed after being transformed into hepatocyte-like cells. METHODS: HUCMSCs were isolated by the adherent method. The following hUCMSC surface markers were detected using flow cytometry: CD45, CD90, CD105, CD34, and octamer-binding …transcription factor 4 (OCT-4). Functional detection of adipogenic differentiation was performed. The hUCMSCs were cultured in complete medium (control group) or induction medium (induction group), and flow cytometry was used to detect cell surface markers. Peritoneal lavage fluid was collected after intraperitoneal injection of 1 × 106 cells/mouse over 40 minutes. The leukocyte count, labeled CD45, CD3, CD4 and CD8 antibodies, and flow detection of T lymphocyte subsets were determined using the peritoneal lavage fluid. RESULTS: Using phenotypic and functional identification, hUCMSCs were successfully isolated using a two-step induction method. The surface markers of the hUCMSCs cells changed after HLC induction. In vivo immune results showed that hUCMSCs and HLsC induced leukocyte production. CONCLUSION: Hepatic induction of hUCMSCs changes their cell surface markers. Both HLCs and hUCMSCs cause leukocytosis in vivo , but the immune response induced by HLCs is slightly stronger. Show more

Keywords: hUCMSC, hepatocyte-like cell, differentiation, immunogenicity, liver

DOI: 10.3233/BME-211331

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2023

Authors: Athani, Abdulgaphur | Ghazali, N.N.N. | Anjum Badruddin, Irfan | Kamangar, Sarfaraz | Salman Ahmed, N.J. | Honnutagi, Abdulrazak

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronary arteries disease has been reported as one of the principal roots of deaths worldwide. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the multiphase pulsatile blood flow in the left coronary artery tree with stenosis. METHODS: The 3D left coronary artery model was reconstructed using 2D computerized tomography (CT) scan images. The Red Blood Cell (RBC) and varying hemodynamic parameters for single and multiphase blood flow conditions were analyzed. RESULTS: Results asserted that the multiphase blood flow modeling has a maximum velocity of 1.017 m/s and1.339 m/s at the stenosed region …during the systolic and diastolic phases respectively. The increase in Wall Shear Stress (WSS) observed at the stenosed region during the diastole phase as compared during the systolic phase. It was also observed that the highest Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI) regions are found in the downstream area of stenosis and across the bifurcations. The increase in RBCs velocity from 0.45 m/s to 0.6 m/s across the stenosis was also noticed. CONCLUSION: The computational multiphase blood flow analysis improves the understanding and accuracy of the complex flow conditions of blood elements (RBC and Plasma) and provides the progression of the disease development in the coronary arteries. This study helps to enhance the diagnosis of the blocked (stenosed) arteries more precisely compared to the single-phase blood flow modeling. Show more

Keywords: Computed tomography (CT), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), single and multiphase blood flow, RBC, left coronary artery

DOI: 10.3233/BME-211333

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 13-35, 2023

Authors: Tomiyama, Yasuyuki | Mochizuki, Tomoharu | Tanifuji, Osamu | Nishino, Katsutoshi | Tanaka, Masaei | Omori, Go | Yamamoto, Noriaki | Koga, Hiroshi | Koga, Yoshio | Kawashima, Hiroyuki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: During gait, healthy knee coronal kinematics of each bony axis and lower extremity alignment are important because they could be useful as reference data for several surgeries and provide clarification of the etiology of diseases around the knee in healthy participants; however, it remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to clarify the kinematics of lower extremity alignment and the bony axes relative to the ground during gait, focused on the coronal plane, in healthy individuals by applying our unique three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis. METHODS: The study included 21 healthy individuals, including 9 …healthy females and 12 healthy males with an average age of 36 ± 17 years. Knee kinematics were calculated in a gait analysis by combining the data from a motion-capture system and a 3D lower-extremity alignment assessment system on biplanar long-leg radiographs by using a 3D-2D registration technique. The main kinematic parameters were the dynamic position change relative to the ground, applying the femoral anatomical axis (FAA), tibial anatomical axis (TAA), and dynamic alignment in the coronal plane during the stance phase of gait. RESULTS: The average changes in FAA, TAA, and dynamic varus alignment were 3.7° ± 1.2°, 3.5° ± 0.8°, and 3.0° ± 1.2°, respectively. The TAA tilted laterally during the loading response and a plateau area appeared afterwards; the FAA gradually inclined laterally until the terminal stance phase, and the dynamic alignment showed varus angular change during the loading response. CONCLUSIONS: The tibia and femur were found to change approximately 2–5° of the position of the bony axes relative to the ground. In terms of clinical relevance, our findings can be used to clarify the etiology of diseases around the knee joint and as reference data for surgeries. Show more

Keywords: Normal knee kinematics, gait analysis, bony axis, dynamic alignment

DOI: 10.3233/BME-211383

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 37-49, 2023

Authors: Bounouib, Mohamed | Benakrach, Hind | Taha-Janan, Mourad | Maazouzi, Wajih

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Implantable devices such as ventricular assist devices provide appropriate treatment for patients with advanced heart failure. Unfortunately, these devices still have many problems, particularly related to blood damage. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to examine two new ventricular assist devices in terms of induced shear stress, exposure time, and induced hemolysis. METHOD: Reverse engineering was used on multiple axial flow ventricular assist devices to collect all the details related to the designs (diameters, lengths, blade angles…), which were used to build two prototypes: Model A and Model B. RESULTS: The obtained …results were close to a large extent, except for static pressure rise, where the difference was clear. CONCLUSION: Compared with what has been published in other studies, the overall performance of both models was excellent. Show more

Keywords: Computational fluid dynamics, hemolysis index, hemolysis, shear stress, hemodynamics, VAD, CFD

DOI: 10.3233/BME-221401

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 51-66, 2023

Authors: Kuroda, Akiyoshi | Mineo, Ayumi | Shoji, Shintaro | Inoue, Gen | Saito, Wataru | Sekiguchi, Hiroyuki | Takaso, Masashi | Uchida, Kentaro

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies offer potential for bone repair. MSC spheroid cultures may harbor enhanced therapeutic potential over MSC monolayers through increased secretion of trophic factors. However, the impact of spheroid size on trophic factor expression is unclear. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of spheroid size on trophic factor-related gene expression. METHODS: KUM10, a murine MSC line was used. RNA-seq was used to screen the transcriptional profiles of MSC monolayer and spheroid cultures. Differentially expressed genes identified in RNA-seq were evaluated by q-PCR in cultures of 5 × 104 (S group), 5 × 105 …(M group), 5 × 106 (L group) cells/well. RESULTS: Comparison of expression levels between KUM10 monolayer and spheroid cultures identified 2140 differentially expressed genes, of which 1047 were upregulated and 1093 were downregulated in KUM10 spheroids. Among these, 12 upregulated genes (Bmp2 , Fgf9 , Fgf18 , Ngf , Pdgfa , Pdgfb , Tgfb1 , Vegfa , Vegfc , Wnt4 , Wnt5a , Wnt10a ) were associated with secretory growth factors. Of these, expression of Fgf9 , Fgf18 , Vegfa and Vegfc was elevated in the L group, and Pdgfb and Tgfb1 was elevated in the S group. CONCLUSIONS: Spheroid size may impact trophic factor expression. Our results will be useful for future studies assessing the utility of MSC spheroids for treating bone injury. Show more

Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells, spheroid, trophic factor

DOI: 10.3233/BME-221406

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 67-76, 2023

Authors: Alula, Kassahun | Adali, Terin | Han Ebedal, Oğuz

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hydrogel is a three-dimensional structure that has the potential to absorb and retain water within the mesh of its porous network structure. Currently hydrogels made from natural biopolymers are preferred in the discipline of biomedical applications because of their blood compatibility, adhesion of platelets and protein binding, ease of administration and delivery of ingredients to the place of action. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to prepare a hydrogel from natural biopolymers and evaluate its blood compatibility, swelling nature, prolonged degradation and morphological features in order to further recommend its clinical use. METHODS: To …prepare hydrogels, different combinations of gelatin, dialyzed SF, curcumin and N, N methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) were evenly mixed on a magnetic stirrer. After an hour of the gelation process it was kept in a refrigerator at 4 °C. For the characterization and biocompatibility studies of hydrogel, the swelling test and biodegradation analysis, SEM, FTIR, in vitro coagulation tests, total serum albumin and cholesterol level analysis were applied. RESULTS: Injectable hydrogels were successfully made with significantly correlated combinations of polymers. The analysis of physiochemical biocompatibility studies and morphological characterization were done effectively. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that hydrogels made from natural biopolymers are a potential source and suitable matrices with excellent biocompatible nature acting as a useful device in delivering drugs. Show more

Keywords: Glaucoma, silk fibroin, gelatin, curcumin, injectable hydrogel

DOI: 10.3233/BME-221407

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 77-93, 2023

Authors: Guo, Xiaorui | Liu, Chunxiang | Zhang, Yi | Bi, Liangjia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet lysate (PL) is considered as an alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) and facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal cells. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to explore whether super activated platelet lysate (sPL), a novel autologous platelet lysate, has the ability to inhibit inflammation and promote cell proliferation, repair and osteogenesis as a culture medium. METHODS: Different concentrations of sPL on human fetal osteoblastic 1.19 cell line (hFOB1.19) proliferation and apoptotic repair were investigated; And detected proliferative capacity, inflammatory factor expressions and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) stimulated …by LPS under 10% FBS and 5% sPL mediums. RESULTS: sPL promoted hFOB1.19 proliferation and had repairing effects on apoptotic cells. No significant difference in proliferation and IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α expressions of hDPCs in FBS and sPL medium stimulated by LPS. hDPCs in sPL osteogenic medium had higher osteogenic-related factor expressions and ALP activity. LPS promoted osteogenic-related factor expressions and ALP activity of hDPCs in FBS osteogenic medium, but opposite effect showed in sPL medium. CONCLUSION: sPL promoted osteoblast proliferation and had restorative effects. Under LPS stimulation, sPL did not promote hDPCs proliferation or inhibit inflammation. sPL promotes osteogenic differentiation of hDPCs. Show more

Keywords: sPL, inflammation, osteogenesis, cell culture medium, dentistry

DOI: 10.3233/BME-221426

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 95-109, 2023