The effect of robo-horseback riding therapy on spinal alignment and associated muscle size in MRI for a child with neuromuscular scoliosis: An experimenter-blind study
Affiliations: [a] Sprots and Fitness Center for Children with Disabilities, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea | [b] Department of Physical Therapy Program, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea | [c] Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Wonju City Medical Center, Wonju, Republic of Korea
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Sung (Joshua) H. You, PT, PhD, Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Yonsei University, 234 Heoungup-Myon, MaeJi-Ri, Wonju City, Kangwon-do, 220-710, Republic of South Korea. Tel.: +82 33 760 2476; Fax: +82 33 760 2496; E-mail: neurorehab@yonsei.ac.kr
Abstract: Purpose:This case study was conducted to highlight the clinical and radiological features of a patient with progressive neuromuscular scoliosis before and after robo-horseback riding therapy (HBRT). Design:A clinical, laboratory, and radiological analysis of a single case. Subject:An 11-year-old child, dignosed right thoracolumbar neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to cerebral palsy. Method:The child received a 5-week course of robo-HBRT, comprising of 60-minute periods a day, five times a week. Postural alignment was determined by Cobb’s method. A real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to determine the robo-HBRT-induced changes in cross-sectional area (CSA) of bilateral thoracic (T2) and lumbar (L2) paraspinalis. Clinical tests including the standard Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and manual muscle testing (MMT) with the Lafayette Manual Muscle Tester were used to compare the intervention-related changes in motor performance and power. The surface EMG was also used to examine therapy-induced changes in muscle activity amplitude for bilateral T2 and L2 paraspinalis and rectus abdominis muscles. Results:Clinical motor and strength scores increased after the intervention. Radiographic Cobb’s angle, MRI, and electromyographic amplitude data demonstrated notably enhanced spinal alignment and muscle fiber CSA and symmetry, respectively. Conclusions:This is the first study to provide evidence of the therapeutic efficacy of a novel form of robo-HBRT on motor function and associated structural and motor control improvements, thus suggesting a method of augmenting therapy in neuromuscular scoliosis.
