NeuroRehabilitation - Volume 4, issue 3

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1994-4301

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. iv-iv, 1994

Authors: Parenté, Rick

Article Type: Introduction

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1994-4302

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. vi-vi, 1994

Authors: Herrmann, Douglas | Parenté, Rick

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the past two decades, researchers and practitioners have developed many procedures to improve cognitive functioning. Most of these procedures attempt to produce a change in a client's cognitive processes. For example, clients may be trained in how to pay attention, perceive, rehearse, remember, or think through a problem. Recently, several researchers and practitioners have sought an eclectic approach to treating practical problems of cognition. Clients are not only trained in mental strategies to enhance cognition, they are also equipped with mental prostheses, counseled on how to cope with the stress of cognitive tasks, directed to consume foods and vitamins …conducive to good brain chemistry, and taught social skills that augment cognitive performance. This article presents a model that provides a theoretical backdrop for the eclectic approach to cognitive rehabilitation. This approach is rooted in the theoretical assumption that cognitive performance can be influenced by other modes of psychological processing (e.g., physiological, perceptual, emotional, motivational, social, and responses to the physical environment). According to this approach, cognitive rehabilitation achieves the greatest improvement in a client's cognitive functioning (1) by training better thought processes, and (2) by interventions that enhance two or more other modes of processing. The article demonstrates that this multimodal model of cognitive rehabilitation accounts for a wide variety of findings in basic research and clinical research, as well as being consistent with clinical judgment. Show more

Keywords: Multimodal, memory, cognitive remediation, rehabilitation

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1994-4303

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 133-142, 1994

Authors: Hertel, Paula T.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Experimental findings of memory impairment in depression are reviewed, and implications for rehabilitation are discussed. Impairments typically occur when the structure of the task is insufficient to constrain the nature of the procedures to be used. When such constraint is provided, or when the task is not particularly sensitive to strategic processing, depression-related impairments are rarely observed.

Keywords: Memory, depression, attention, strategies, control

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1994-4304

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 143-150, 1994

Authors: McClure, John T. | Browning, R. Terry | Vantrease, Carma M. | Bittle, Sarah T.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Previous research suggests that traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in impairment of iconic memory abilities. This raises serious implications for brain injury rehabilitation. Most cognitive rehabilitation programs do not include iconic memory training. Instead it is common for cognitive rehabilitation programs to focus on attention and concentration skills, memory skills, and visual scanning skills. This study compared the iconic memory skills of brain-injury survivors and control subjects who all reached criterion levels of visual scanning skills. This involved previous training for the brain-injury survivors using popular visual scanning programs that allowed them to visually scan with response time and …accuracy within normal limits. Control subjects required only minimal training to reach normal limits criteria. This comparison allows for the dissociation of visual scanning skills and iconic memory skills. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for cognitive rehabilitation and the relationship between visual scanning training and iconic memory skills. Show more

Keywords: Icon, visual scanning, iconic memory, brain injury, cognitive rehabilitation

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1994-4305

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 151-156, 1994

Authors: Twum, Maxwell

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the processes by which survivors of brain injury learn cognitive strategies and the extent to which these strategies can be applied in other situations. The Principles of transfer of training, and generalization formed the basis for specific predictions made about the acquisition and transfer of learning by the patients. Brain-injured patients were tested for their memory of learned lists of words using the part-to-whole learning paradigm. In two separate experiments participants learned part-lists, which varied in the degree of their categorical organizational of items. A test of whole-list learning in the first …experiment (n = 60) showed that brain-damaged patients learned and applied the organization skill learned for the part-list items. The second experiment (n = 40) showed that brain-damaged patients were poor at spontaneously organizing material to facilitate recall. The practical implications of these findings are discussed within the transfer of learning model. Show more

Keywords: Organization, transfer, generalization, skill

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1994-4306

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 157-167, 1994

Authors: Anderson-Parenté, Janet Kay

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Clients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who were referred for neuropsychological testing were asked to provide self-ratings of their intellectual, social, memory, and academic skills. Their family members and relatives were asked to rate the clients on the same scales. The ratings were correlated with the client's neuropsychological test scores. The results indicated that clients tend to underestimate their cognitive deficits compared to their relatives or family members. The relatives' ratings correlated with a wider range of neuropsychological measures. Different sets of ratings for the relatives and clients correlated with the test scores.

Keywords: Metamemory, brain injury, neuropsychological, self-ratings

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1994-4307

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 168-173, 1994

Authors: Cole, Elliot | Dehdashti, Parto | Petti, Linda | Angert, Marlene

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Three traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients achieved a significant increase in level of function in a short period of time using a Computer-Based Cognitive Prosthesis (CBCP). A CBCP is a compensatory strategy which applies computer science concepts to brain injury rehabilitation. One-of-a-kind software is designed to assist the brain injury survivor in performing functional activities. New techniques of rehabilitation are also applied. Research subjects were between one and five years post injury. Patients were able to make substantial contributions to the design of their prosthetic software. Increases in level of functioning were seen both in everyday activities targeted for the …intervention, as well as generalized increase on neurobehavioral and psychological dimensions. Show more

Keywords: Cognitive prosthesis, cognitive rehabilitation, participatory design, computer science, human computer interaction, computers in rehabilitation

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1994-4308

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 174-186, 1994

Authors: Hersh, Neil A. | Treadgold, Lawrence G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Various compensatory devices typically employed in the rehabilitation of memory and attention dysfunction are reviewed. The authors then describe and evaluate a novel compensatory device, NeuroPage, which appears to operate as a prosthetic, rather than simply a compensatory device. Clinical implementation in terms of training, applications, contraindications, and cost-effectiveness is discussed.

Keywords: Memory, rehabilitation, prosthetic devices, assistive devices, brain injury, cueing

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1994-4309

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 187-197, 1994

Authors: Parenté, Rick

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Twenty-four clients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were tested in 3 different memory paradigms to determine the effect of monetary incentives on performance. In each experiment, the rewards increased performance relative to a no reward condition. The results are interpreted in terms of the author's incentive-based model of cognitive retraining.

Keywords: Incentive, memory, cognitive rehabilitation, brain injury

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1994-4310

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 198-203, 1994