Affiliations: [a] Alliant International University, San Francisco, CA, USA | [b] Kaiser Permanente-Chronic Pain Clinic, San Francisco, CA, USA
Correspondence:
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Address for correspondence: Dr. A.B. Jegede, California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University, San Francisco, CA, USA. E-mail: Ba3de@hotmail.com
Abstract: Purpose:To explore agonist and antagonist muscle characteristics, depression and physical functioning of patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). Method:Individuals with FMS (N = 34) and chronic pain (N = 36) were recruited from a chronic pain program. Normal controls (N = 37) were recruited from the general community. Measures:Demographic data (age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, and employment status), self-report physical and psychological functioning, current level of pain, level of depression, and agonist and antagonist muscle activity (SCM, Biceps/triceps, Forearm flexor/extensor, Lower leg tibialis anterior/gastrocnemius) were measured with sEMG. Results:There was a significant difference in upper arm muscle contra-activation between the FMS patients and normal controls but not between the non-FMS chronic pain patients and normal controls. When compared to normal controls, the FMS group reported more depression and a higher level of physical functioning problems, but it was not significantly different from the mean score for the non-FMS chronic pain group. Problems with physical functioning and depression did not predict strength of contra-activation in the upper arm muscle. Conclusion:These findings suggest presence of unusual muscle activity occurring in the bicep muscle of FMS and non-FMS chronic pain patients, which establishes a possible link between muscle dysfunction, mood and pain.
