Technology and Health Care - Volume 32, issue 6

Authors: Veihelmann, A. | Beck, F. | Huth, J. | Spetzger, U. | Schulze-Pellengahr, C. | Teske, W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is estimated that a significant number of spinal surgeries are performed, but many patients do not often benefit. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine how effective minimally invasive pain procedures (MIP) are in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients with proven degenerative causes (specific low back pain). METHODS: 386 eligible patients with CLBP/sciatica resistant to conservative therapy and scheduled for open surgery were screened, and 167 could be enrolled in this study. Indications for MIP in the remaining 150 individuals were made by one experienced spinal surgeon. Before and 6 months …after the intervention, the numeric rating scale (NRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were recorded. MIP was performed, such as radiofrequency of the facet and SI-joint, intradiscal electrothermal therapy in case of discogenic pain, as well as epidural neuroplasty in patients with disc herniation/epidural fibrosis. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant decrease in NRS (p < 0.05), as well as a significant increase in ODI (p < 0.001) 6 months after the procedures. This was also true for the results of all different pain generators and subsequent performed procedures alone. CONCLUSIONS: The indication of MIP should be routinely reviewed in patients with CLBP to avoid potentially open surgery and a burden on healthcare costs. Show more

Keywords: Minimal invasive surgical procedures, low back pain mechanical, disc herniation, sciatica, discogenic pain

DOI: 10.3233/THC-241003

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4727-4741, 2024

Authors: Yao, Chunying | Ma, Qiubo | Shi, Ying | Zhang, Na | Pang, Lei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Membranous nephropathy (MN), also known as membranous glomerulonephritis, is a leading cause of adult nephrotic syndrome. The main pathological features encompass the deposition of immune complexes within the glomerular basement membrane epithelial cells, thickening of the basement membrane, and fusion of the foot process. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the role of the immune and inflammatory modulator miR-223 in the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of cyclophosphamide (CTX) on membranous nephropathy (MN). METHODS: miR-223 mimetics or inhibitors was used to regulate miR-223 levels. LPS induced inflammatory cell model and cell polarization. CTX …was used to treat Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced inflammatory response and polarization. Cationic bovine serum albumin (c-BSA) induced BALB/c mouse MN model, while CTX was used to treat c-BSA induced MN. RESULTS: The miR-223 level in LPS induced inflammatory model cells was lower than that in control cells. The levels of inflammatory factors in LPS+ miR-223 mimetics and CTX+ miR-223i cells were lower than those in LPS and miR-223i cells. The protein levels of LPS+ miR-223 mimic, CTX+ miR-223i macrophage M2 phenotype markers Arginase-1 (Arg1), transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1), anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-4 (IL4) and interleukin-13 (IL13) were significantly higher than those of LPS and miR-223i. The effect of CTX was confirmed in a BALB/c mouse MN model induced by cationic bovine serum albumin (c-BSA). CONCLUSION: CTX upregulates the expression of miR-223, promotes polarization of M2 macrophages, alleviates the inflammatory response and renal injury of MN. Show more

Keywords: Cyclophosphamide, membranous nephropathy, macrophage, miR-223, inflammatory response

DOI: 10.3233/THC-241175

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4743-4756, 2024

Article Type: Other

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4757-4757, 2024

Authors: Lin, Chi | Yu, Chang Wu | Wang, Ning

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/THC-248052

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4759-4764, 2024

Authors: S.S., Akilan | Devprasad, Kayathri Devi | J, Raja Sekar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are integral to modern healthcare systems, providing continuous health monitoring and real-time data transmission. The sensitivity of medical data being transmitted makes security a significant concern in WBANs. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the application of the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)-based Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange (ECDH) algorithm to enhance security within WBANs. METHOD: The study investigates the suitability of ECC for this context and evaluates the performance and security implications of implementing ECDH in WBANs. RESULTS: The findings reveal that ECDH provides a robust and computationally …efficient solution for secure key exchange in WBANs, addressing inherent vulnerabilities. CONCLUSION: The adoption of ECC-based ECDH is poised to bolster data confidentiality and integrity in WBANs, promoting trust and widespread use of these networks in healthcare applications. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge regarding security measures in WBANs and opens new avenues for the secure transmission of sensitive medical information. Show more

Keywords: Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs), security, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), Diffie-Hellman key exchange (DHE), ECDH

DOI: 10.3233/THC-231614

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4765-4784, 2024

Authors: Wu, Weihua | Chen, Jie | An, Peng | Feng, Yangmei | Li, Chen | Zhang, Meiqi | Yu, Zhenfei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The kidney is the most vulnerable organ in severe patients. In severe cases, the fatality rate of acute kidney damage is as high as 30% ∼ 60%. Severe ultrasound is a non-invasive method to evaluate renal blood flow. It can give a semi-quantitative score of renal blood flow and measure the Resistance Index (RI), which can reflect renal artery blood flow to a certain extent. OBJECTIVE: There is little literature on hemodynamic regulation in septic shock patients, but almost no research report on the relationship between hemodynamics and RI exists. Therefore, this …paper proposed the analysis of severe ultrasound and gene diagnosis in cardiac index and peripheral vascular RI of shock patients. METHODS: This paper mainly expounded on detecting renal function parameters and RI in patients with viral shock to understand further the correlation between them and renal flow and RI. RESULTS: It could be seen from the experimental results that the P values before and after resuscitation in the two groups with and without elevated Cardiac Output (CO) were 0.41 and 0.12, respectively, which were more significant than 0.05. CONCLUSION: RI had no apparent relationship with CO, and RI could not be used as an evaluation index for patients with early septic shock. Show more

Keywords: Severe ultrasound, shock patients, gene diagnosis, genetic algorithm

DOI: 10.3233/THC-231859

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4785-4800, 2024

Authors: Yu, Limei | Wang, Yuxia | Chen, Yun | Wang, Yakun | Zhang, Haida | Zhang, Meiqi | Li, Chen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of brain injury is increasing year by year, and it has become one of the major diseases threatening human life in today’s society. From the perspective of the causes of brain injury, it is mainly due to falls from high places, traffic accidents, etc. Severe brain injury patients often lose consciousness. In recent years, the emergence of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has provided a new approach and new ideas for the treatment of craniocerebral trauma. OBJECTIVE: The article systematically and scientifically expounded the role of Xingnaojing injection in the treatment of …brain injury by comparing the GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) score, changes in intracranial pressure, the incidence of complications after brain injury, the transformation from moderate brain injury to severe brain injury, and recovery of consciousness. METHODS: For the problem of gene polymorphism in patients with brain injury, this article discussed the role of APOE2 (Apolipoprotein E2), ε 3, ε 4 in brain injury. All patients had a clear history of trauma and received strict nervous system examination and CT scanning when they were admitted to the hospital. After craniocerebral trauma surgery or conservative therapy, patients should take a Xingnaojing injection of 30 ml and a 0.9% sodium chloride injection of 250 ml after admission. After the operation, respiratory tract nursing should be strengthened, and patients who cannot eat should be given nasal feeding, acupuncture, and physiotherapy to prevent bedridden complications. RESULTS: The probability of epilepsy after brain injury was 27%. CONCLUSION: The article would help to evaluate the degree of brain damage and prognosis of patients. Show more

Keywords: Xingnaojing injection, craniocerebral injury, gene polymorphism, quantitative evaluation

DOI: 10.3233/THC-231864

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4801-4818, 2024

Authors: Li, Jun | Li, Rong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Double rocking jump rope training can effectively enhance physical recovery, adaptability to exercise load, and lower limb muscle strength of badminton players in sports colleges, thus offering valuable insights for improving training methods in sports colleges and universities. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of double rocking jump rope training on the lower limb muscle strength of badminton players specializing in badminton in sports colleges. METHODS: An experimental study was conducted through a ten-week teaching intervention experiment with badminton players. Relevant heart rate indexes and badminton related lower limb muscle strength indexes were …measured before and after the experiment. The data of the measured relevant indexes were statistically and analytically analyzed. At the end of the experiment, the physical recovery level and the heart’s adaptability to the exercise load of the control group were improved, and the lower limb muscle strength test indexes and sports performance were better than before the experiment. In the experimental group, badminton players’ physical function, anaerobic metabolism of the body and other aspects also improved. RESULTS: The physical function of the experimental group of badminton players, the energy supply capacity of the body anaerobic metabolism and aerobic work capacity all have an enhancement effect, enabling badminton players to adapt to large exercise loads quickly and improve the recovery rate of physical fitness. CONCLUSION: The introduction of double rocking jump rope into badminton training classes in sports colleges and universities as a means of lower limb muscle strength training is conducive to improving the level of lower limb muscle strength of special badminton players, enriching the teaching and training means of lower limb muscle strength in sports colleges and universities, and broadening the research field of lower limb muscle strength in badminton in sports colleges and universities. Show more

Keywords: Double rocking jump rope, badminton, lower limb muscle strength, AdaBoost algorithm optimization

DOI: 10.3233/THC-231868

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4819-4836, 2024

Authors: Yu, Hongxia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of complementary therapies to relieve the side effects of chemotherapy in lung cancer patients is becoming increasingly popular. Practices from traditional Chinese medicine, such as acupoint massage and five-tone therapy, have demonstrated potential in alleviating symptoms such as nausea and vomiting experienced during chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of combining five-tone therapy with acupoint massage in reducing chemotherapy-related symptoms in lung cancer patients. The main objective is to determine how these complementary therapies affect the quality of life and well-being of people undergoing chemotherapy for lung cancer. …METHODS: In this paper, 80 patients diagnosed with lung cancer who needed chemotherapy drugs were randomly divided into 2 groups, 40 patients. The first was treatment; the second was control. Chemotherapy drugs were combined with a 5-hydroxytryptamine blocker (granisetron), and acupoint massage was combined with pentatone therapy to prevent nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal reactions. A 5-hydroxytryptamine blocker (granisetron) was combined with chemotherapy drugs to prevent nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal reactions. Moreover, the difference in treatment effect was observed. RESULTS: Among 40 cases in treatment, 13 cases were clinically controlled, 15 cases were markedly effective, 9 cases were effective, and 3 cases were ineffective. The total effective rate was 92.50%; among 40 cases in control, 6 cases were clinically controlled, 16 cases were markedly effective, 12 cases were practical, and 6 cases were invalid. The total effective rate was 85.00%. CONCLUSION: By integrating traditional Chinese medicine techniques, healthcare professionals can augment the supportive care offered to those undergoing chemotherapy for lung cancer. Show more

Keywords: Acupoint massage, pentatonic therapy, treatment, chemotherapy drugs, vomiting

DOI: 10.3233/THC-231890

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4837-4856, 2024

Authors: Li, Chenxi | Li, Jian | Lu, Yao | Hou, Jiahui | Zhi, Zhaoyu | Zhao, Baocun | Zhang, Xiumei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) guided by ultrasound is a novel radiation therapy technique that facilitates the delineation of the tumor target area under image guidance, enhancing the precision of radiation therapy and maximizing the protection of surrounding tissues. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of VMAT under ultrasonic guidance for cervical cancer patients and its impact on radiotherapy dosage and prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis encompassed 128 instances of cervical cancer patients who were admitted to our medical facility between April 2019 and April 2021. The …patients were categorized into an observation cohort and a control cohort, depending on variations in treatment modalities post-admission. The control group underwent conventional radiotherapy, whereas the observation group received VMAT guided by ultrasound. Clinical efficacy, average radiation dosages (in the radiotherapy target area, rectum, and bladder), radiotherapy-related toxicities during treatment, and one-year survival rates were compared between the two groups. Additionally, variances in pre- and post-treatment serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) were subjected to assessment. RESULTS: When compared to the control group (64.52%), the observation cohort’s comprehensive effectiveness rate was considerably greater (80.30%). The observation group saw lower average radiation exposures and a reduction in the post-treatment concentrations of CEA, SCC-Ag, and CA724. The overall incidence of adverse effects from radiation treatment also declined. The observation group had a greater one-year survival rate (90.48%) than the control group (73.33%). When comparing the observation cohort to the control group, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significantly higher one-year survival rate (Log-Rank = 6.530, P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: VMAT guided by ultrasound for patients with cervical cancer demonstrates promising short- and long-term treatment outcomes. It also leads to improvements in serum CEA, SCC-Ag, and CA724 levels, as well as reductions in the average radiation dosages to the radiotherapy target area, rectum, and bladder. This approach warrants attention from clinicians in clinical practice. Show more

Keywords: Cervical cancer, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, ultrasound, radiation dosage, prognosis

DOI: 10.3233/THC-231977

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4857-4868, 2024

Authors: Wang, Kai | Zhu, Dongming | Chang, Zimin | Wu, Zhiyong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) stands as a prominent global platform for professional mixed martial arts, captivating audiences worldwide. With its continuous growth and globalization efforts, UFC events have garnered significant attention and achieved commendable results. However, as the scale of development expands, the operational demands on UFC events intensify. At its core, UFC thrives on the exceptional performances of its athletes, which serve as the primary allure for audiences. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to enhance the allure of UFC matches and cultivate exceptional athletes by predicting athlete performance on the field. To achieve this, …a recurrent neural network prediction model based on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) is proposed. The model seeks to leverage athlete portraits and characteristics for performance prediction. METHODS: The proposed methodology involves constructing athlete portraits and analyzing athlete characteristics to develop the prediction model. The BiLSTM-based recurrent neural network is utilized for its ability to capture temporal dependencies in sequential data. The model’s performance is assessed through experimental analysis. RESULTS: Experimental results demonstrate that the athlete performance prediction model achieved an overall accuracy of 0.7524. Comparative analysis reveals that the proposed BiLSTM model outperforms traditional methods such as Linear Regression and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), showcasing superior prediction accuracy. CONCLUSION: This study introduces a novel approach to predicting athlete performance in UFC matches using a BiLSTM-based recurrent neural network. By leveraging athlete portraits and characteristics, the proposed model offers improved accuracy compared to classical methods. Enhancing the predictive capabilities in UFC not only enriches the viewing experience but also contributes to the development of exceptional athletes in the sport. Show more

Keywords: Recurrent neural network, UFC, athlete performance, winning percentage forecast, evaluation algorithm, deep learning, BiLSTM, XGBoost

DOI: 10.3233/THC-232000

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4869-4882, 2024

Authors: Sun, Xiaolan | Diao, Yanyan | Si, Fengxia | Yu, Aixia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the contemporary healthcare environment, optimizing patient care strategies is of importance, particularly in neurosurgical environments. While traditional nursing methods have the foundation of patient care, there exists a growing recognition of the potential benefits of comprehensive nurse management. Despite this acknowledgment, there remains a gap in understanding the comparative effectiveness of comprehensive nurse management versus traditional approaches in reducing postoperative psychological stress, enhancing patient satisfaction, and promoting adherence in neurosurgical patients. OBJECTIVE: This study compares the efficacy of comprehensive nurse management against traditional methods in facilitating the postoperative recovery of neurosurgical patients. …METHODS: Taking the traditional nursing management and detailed nursing management of neurosurgical patients in a municipal neurosurgical hospital from March 2021 to March 2022 as an example, the neurosurgery was divided into 50 patients in the detailed nursing management group and 50 patients in the traditional nursing management group. In the clear nursing management group, there were 50 patients, 20 male patients, with an average age of 58.7 ± 3.8 years, and 30 female patients, with an average age of 60.4 ± 4.3 years; In the traditional nursing management group, there were 50 patients, 26 male patients, with an average age of 59.7 ± 3.7 years, and 24 female patients, with an average age of 59.4 ± 3.9 years; Among the 100 patients, there were 60 cases of cerebral infarction, 25 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage and 15 cases of other neurosurgical diseases. RESULTS: Hundred neurosurgical patients were divided into two groups: comprehensive nursing management group and traditional nursing management group. The results showed that the comprehensive treatment effect of patients with detailed nursing management was better than that of the routine nursing group. At the same time, the complications were reduced, and the patient’s satisfaction was higher. CONCLUSION: Through retrospective analysis and investigation of patients, this paper discusses the clinical application of a detailed nursing management model in neurosurgery, which can reduce the probability of infection and other complications and improve the quality of life and treatment effect of patients. Show more

Keywords: Detailed nursing management intervention, neurosurgery, quality of life, cerebrovascular diseases, treatment effect

DOI: 10.3233/THC-232010

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4883-4894, 2024

Authors: Chen, Pan | Wang, Xiaojie | Yan, Pijun | Jiang, Chunxia | Lei, Yi | Miao, Ying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dysfunctions in metabolism and endocrine systems are outcomes of disruptions in human physiological processes, often leading to disease onset. External factors can hinder the human body’s innate capacity for self-regulation and healing, particularly when immune responses are compromised, allowing these factors to interfere with normal bodily functions directly. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of uric acid expression water in blood on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients with hyperthyroidism, the expression level of uric acid in the blood and other physiological indexes were compared between patients with no symptoms of atrial fibrillation and patients …with hyperthyroidism with symptoms of atrial fibrillation, to find the correlation between them. METHODS: A group of 112 hyperthyroidism patients who were admitted to our hospital from September 2019 to March 2020 were chosen and split into two groups. The control group consisted of 56 individuals (21 men and 35 women) aged between 16 and 86 years old, with an average age of 46.23 years (± 7.63). The observation group consisted of 56 individuals (24 males and 32 females) between 15 and 79 years, with an average age of 53.44 years (± 8.91). RESULTS: In the patients who were not treated with drugs before hospitalization the disease course and symptoms varied. The patients’ clinical medical and demographic data were recorded and the patients’ physiological indexes were obtained through blood tests and analysis. The differences between the two groups were analyzed by renal function, blood lipid index, thyroid function, and cardiac ultrasound, and these influencing factors were analyzed by regression analysis. The research adhered to ethical norms and ensured clear data presentation by using a rigorous technique to compare uric acid levels and physiological indicators among various patient groups. CONCLUSION: The study concentrated on the validation, repeatability, and contextual interpretation of data to provide a robust and rigorously scientific comparison. The most common is the increase of uric acid in the blood, which can induce other diseases, and atrial fibrillation is one of the most common diseases of cardiovascular diseases. Show more

Keywords: Uric acid level, serum, atrial fibrillation, hyperthyroidism, endocrine

DOI: 10.3233/THC-232028

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4895-4907, 2024

Authors: Zhou, Ying | Li, Chunmei | Chen, Mingming | Gao, Congying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic recurrent intestinal inflammation, and its primary clinical manifestations are abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematochezia, etc., which seriously affects patients’ quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of continuing empowerment education based on Roy’s adaptation theory on disease uncertainty and self-management ability in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS: Sixty patients with inflammatory bowel disease admitted to the hospital from March 2022 to March 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group (n = …30) and a control group (n = 30). The intervention group received continuous care based on multidisciplinary Cooperation on the WeChat platform, while the control group received routine constant care. The disease uncertainty, hope level, self-care ability, nursing quality, and nursing satisfaction of two groups of patients were compared. RESULT: Both patient groups had lower levels of ambiguity and complexity three months following discharge, with the intervention group exhibiting the lowest levels. On the other hand, the intervention group scored higher on sustaining close connections, taking good action, and having an attitude both now and in the future. The intervention group showed greater health awareness, self-concept, self-care competence, and self-care responsibility ratings. The intervention group also showed more significant attitude, pragmatism, thoroughness, and professionalism in their services. CONCLUSION: Continuous empowerment education based on Roy’s adaptation theory is applied to patients with inflammatory bowel disease. It can enhance confidence, self-management ability, quality of life, and patient satisfaction. Show more

Keywords: Multidisciplinary cooperation, continuous care, inflammatory bowel disease, quality of life

DOI: 10.3233/THC-232032

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4909-4918, 2024

Authors: Liang, Han | Li, Hao | Xia, Nan | Chen, Jingjing | Gao, Linlin | Liu, Hao | Lyu, Ping | Guo, Xiaolin | Yang, Ziwei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in diseases, especially tumorigenesis, including gastric cancer (GC). Although lncRNAs in GC tissues have been extensively studied in previous research, the possible significance of circulating lncRNAs in diagnosing GC is still unknown. OBJECTIVE: The present work investigated lncRNAs ZFPM2-AS1 and XIST with high expression in GC tissues proved as potential plasma biomarkers from 20 early GC cases, 100 GC cases, and 90 normal subjects. METHODS: The possible correlation between ZFPM2-AS1 and XIST expression levels was analyzed with general characteristics and clinicopathological features. The performance in diagnosis was …assessed according to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: According to the results, XIST and ZFPM2-AS1 expression remarkably increased within GC plasma relative to normal subjects (P < 0.01); besides, lncRNA XIST expression after surgery had a tendency of downregulation compared with preoperative levels (P < 0.05). Moreover, the area under ROC curve (AUC) values were 0.62 for ZFPM2-AS1 and 0.68 for XIST, while the pooled AUC value of CA-724 and two lncRNAs was 0.751. CONCLUSION: Circulating lncRNAs ZFPM2-AS1 and XIST can serve as the candidate plasma biomarkers used to diagnose GC. Show more

Keywords: Long noncoding RNA, gastric cancer, ZFPM2-AS1, XIST, diagnosis, plasma, biomarker

DOI: 10.3233/THC-232033

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4919-4928, 2024

Authors: Zhong, Fengxing | Yin, Xiuping | Liu, Xinxin | Zhang, Qiming

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding how pharmaceutical formulas target specific illnesses is crucial for developing effective treatments. Enriching ion channel data is a critical first step in comprehending a formula’s mechanism of action. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the effective disease spectrum of the Qi Yu granule formula through network pharmacology analysis and backtracking, and analyze its potential curative effects on liver and spleen system diseases, particularly depression and breast cancer. METHODS: Using pharmacological tools and database analysis, the ion channel data of the formula’s components were investigated. The effective disease spectrum was determined, and …diseases related to liver and gallbladder, liver depression, and spleen deficiency were identified. Network pharmacology analysis was conducted to backtrack diseases, target gene proteins, and drug compositions. The extraction technology of volatile oil from medicinal herbs was experimentally studied to optimize the preparation process. RESULTS: The effective disease spectrum analysis identified potential curative effects of the Qi Yu granule formula on various diseases, including breast cancer. Backtracking revealed relationships between diseases, target gene proteins, and drug compositions. Experimental studies on volatile oil extraction provided insights into optimizing the preparation process. CONCLUSION: The study underscores the potential therapeutic benefits of the Qi Yu granule formula for liver and spleen system diseases. By integrating network pharmacology analysis and experimental research, this study offers valuable insights into the formulation and efficacy of the Qi Yu granules, paving the way for further exploration and optimization of TCM formulations. Show more

Keywords: Qi Yu granules, liver stagnation, edible plants, network pharmacology, spleen deficiency syndrome

DOI: 10.3233/THC-232034

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4929-4946, 2024

Authors: Wu, Xiaoqian | Chen, Cheng | Quan, Lili

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditional methods have the limitations of low accuracy and inconvenient operation in analyzing students’ abnormal behavior. Hence, a more intuitive, flexible, and user-friendly visualization tool is needed to help better understand students’ behavior data. OBJECTIVE: In this study a visual analysis and interactive interface of students’ abnormal behavior based on a clustering algorithm were examined and designed. METHODS: Firstly, this paper discusses the development of traditional methods for analyzing students’ abnormal behavior and visualization technology and discusses its limitations. Then, the K-means clustering algorithm is selected as the solution to find potential …abnormal patterns and groups from students’ behaviors. By collecting a large number of students’ behavior data and preprocessing them to extract relevant features, a K-means clustering algorithm is applied to cluster the data and obtain the clustering results of students’ abnormal behaviors. To visually display the clustering results and help users analyze students’ abnormal behaviors, a visual analysis method and an interactive interface are designed to present the clustering results to users. The interactive functions are provided, such as screening, zooming in and out, and correlation analysis, to support users’ in-depth exploration and analysis of data. Finally, the experimental evaluation is carried out, and the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method are verified by using big data to obtain real student behavior data. RESULTS: The experimental results show that this method can accurately detect and visualize students’ abnormal behaviors and provide intuitive analysis results. CONCLUSION: This paper makes full use of the advantages of big data to understand students’ behavior patterns more comprehensively and provides a new solution for students’ management and behavior analysis in the field of education. Future research can further expand and improve this method to adapt to more complex students’ behavior data and needs. Show more

Keywords: Clustering algorithm, student behavior, big data, visual analysis, interactive interface

DOI: 10.3233/THC-232054

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4947-4963, 2024

Authors: Wang, Jing | Yin, Liang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: More than a million people are affected by brain tumors each year; high-grade gliomas (HGGs) and low-grade gliomas (LGGs) present serious diagnostic and treatment hurdles, resulting in shortened life expectancies. Glioma segmentation is still a significant difficulty in clinical settings, despite improvements in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and diagnostic tools. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have seen recent advancements that offer promise for increasing segmentation accuracy, addressing the pressing need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE: The study intended to develop an automated glioma segmentation algorithm using CNN to accurately identify tumor components in MRI …images. The goal was to match the accuracy of experienced radiologists with commercial instruments, hence improving diagnostic precision and quantification. METHODS: 285 MRI scans of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) and low-grade gliomas (LGGs) were analyzed in the study. T1-weighted sequences were utilised for segmentation both pre-and post-contrast agent administration, along with T2-weighted sequences (with and without Fluid Attenuation by Inversion Recovery [FAIRE]). The segmentation performance was assessed with a U-Net network, renowned for its efficacy in medical image segmentation. DICE coefficients were computed for the tumour core with contrast enhancement, the entire tumour, and the tumour nucleus without contrast enhancement. RESULTS: The U-Net network produced DICE values of 0.7331 for the tumour core with contrast enhancement, 0.8624 for the total tumour, and 0.7267 for the tumour nucleus without contrast enhancement. The results align with previous studies, demonstrating segmentation accuracy on par with professional radiologists and commercially accessible segmentation tools. CONCLUSION: The study developed a CNN-based automated segmentation system for gliomas, achieving high accuracy in recognising glioma components in MRI images. The results confirm the ability of CNNs to enhance the accuracy of brain tumour diagnoses, suggesting a promising avenue for future research in medical imaging and diagnostics. This advancement is expected to improve diagnostic processes for clinicians and patients by providing more precise and quantitative results. Show more

Keywords: Biomedical imaging, CNN, deep learning, glioma, neuroimages, MRI

DOI: 10.3233/THC-240158

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4965-4982, 2024

Authors: Wen, Yi | Li, Xinyan | Shu, Wan | Zhang, Hong | Shen, Zhefan | Huang, Zhaoxia

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: About 186 million people in the world suffer from infertility, and there is one infertile couple in every 4–6 couples. It is thus essential to find effective psychological treatment. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of previous meta-analyses on mindfulness-based therapy outcomes in infertile female patients and a meta-analysis of studies nested within these meta-analyses. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) on the efficacy of mindset-based interventions in infertile female patients were retrieved from PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNI, VIP Database, and Wanfang Database until March 1, 2023. Two …researchers screened the literature, extracted data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and conducted quality control according to Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0. When there was ambiguity, a third party determined it. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULT: 14 randomized controlled trials involving 1784 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional care, mindfulness-based intervention can effectively relieve anxiety in female infertility patients [SMD = - 2.25, 95% CI (- 2.90, - 1.60), P < 0.00001], depression [SMD = - 2.25, 95% CI (- 2.99, - 1.52), P < 0.00001], perceived stress [SMD = - 0.99, 95% CI (- 1.27, - 0.71), P < 0.00001], improved quality of life, physiological function [MD = 14.03, 95% CI (11.98, 16.07), P < 0.00001], Role limitations due to physical problems [MD = 11.30, 95% CI (5.71, 16.90), P < 0.0001], vitality [MD = 11.55, 95% CI (9.46, 13.65), P < 0.00001], mental health [MD = 17.32, 95% CI (15.29, 19.35), P < 0.00001]. CONCLUSION: Existing evidence shows that mindfulness therapy can effectively relieve the anxiety and depression of infertile women, reduce the level of stress, and improve the quality of life and sleep quality. However, due to the limited quantity and quality of the literature, multi-center, large-sample, and high-quality randomized controlled studies should be conducted in the future. Show more

Keywords: Mindfulness-based therapy, infertility, women, meta-analysis, evidence-based nursing, randomized controlled trial (RCTS), RF dimension

DOI: 10.3233/THC-240174

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4983-4997, 2024

Authors: Zhi, Jin | Li, Zhao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cerebral infarction is a health problem of global concern and brings a particular burden to medical treatment. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between insulin resistance (IR) levels and changes in cerebral atherosclerosis (AS) degree in non-diabetic patients with cerebral infarction. METHODS: A total of 134 non-diabetic patients with cerebral infarction who visited the Department of Neurology of our hospital from May 2019 to October 2020 were selected and underwent MRA/CTA (Magnetic resonance angiography/Computed tomography angiography) of cerebral arteries to refine the cerebrovascular imaging data, and according to the results of cerebral AS …load, the patients were divided into mild AS group and severe AS group, and the insulin resistance index was calculated with HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) to evaluate the IR level and HOMA-IR was compared between the two groups. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the levels of IR in patients and the changes in cerebral AS load. RESULTS: 54 individuals had severe AS and 80 patients had mild AS, according to an MRA/CTA of the cerebral arteries. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in HOMA-IR between the difficult and gentle AS groups. A significant link between HOMA-IR and the severity of cerebral AS in patients was found using Spearman correlation analysis (r = 0.850, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The IR phenomenon was prevalent in non-diabetic patients with cerebral infarction, and the level of IR was closely related to the severity of cerebral AS. Show more

Keywords: Non-diabetic cerebral infarction, insulin resistance, Cerebral AS, relevance, metabolic syndrom

DOI: 10.3233/THC-240179

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4999-5007, 2024

Authors: Hao, Huawen | Qiao, Wei | Wu, Yaguang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The rapid growth of cities has been accompanied by problems with urban air quality, making air pollution challenging to manage. In this situation, people focus on indoor building materials to improve air quality. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, a novel bola-type surfactant was synthesized and used as a template, using ethyl orthosilicate and sodium meta-aluminate as the silicon and aluminum source, in the ratio of n (NaOH ): n (NaAIO2 ): n (SiO2 ): n (SDA ): n (H2 O) as 30:2.5:120:5:4800. …METHODS: Hydrothermal preparation of ZSM-5 molecular sieves with a nanosheet structure (H-ZSM-5) was accomplished. The manufactured lamellar ZSM-5 molecular sieves were examined using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and adsorption and desorption techniques. RESULTS: Traditional microporous ZSM-5 had a considerably lower static adsorption of formaldehyde molecules. The findings demonstrated that the nano-lamellar H-ZSM-5 molecular sieve can purify and eliminate larger molecular VOCs inside because it has the ability to adsorb larger molecular diameter VOCs. Additionally, the effectiveness of the adsorption was assessed using toluene vapour molecules with higher molecular diameters. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate that the nanosheet H-ZSM-5 molecular sieve can remove bigger molecule VOCs from indoor air and can be utilised to purify indoor spaces. This study offers a fresh approach to indoor environmental cleanup by demonstrating the capability of nano-lamellar H-ZSM-5 molecular sieves for molecular adsorption. Show more

Keywords: Bola-type surfactant, H-ZSM-5, formaldehyde, toluene, adsorption

DOI: 10.3233/THC-240187

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 5009-5023, 2024

Authors: Pandey, Anand | Singh, Ajeet | Boyapati, Prasanthi | Chaturvedi, Abhay | Purushotham, N. | M, Sangeetha

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Heart disease represents the leading cause of death globally. Timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent cardiovascular issues. An Electrocardiograms (ECG) serves as a diagnostic tool for identifying heart difficulties. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) often gets identified through ECGs. Deep learning (DL) garners attention in healthcare due to its potential in swiftly diagnosing ECG anomalies, crucial for patient monitoring. Conversely, automatic CVD detection from ECGs poses a challenging task, wherein rule-based diagnostic models usually achieve top-notch performance. These models encounter complications in supervision vast volumes of diverse data, demanding widespread analysis and medical capability to ensure precise CVD diagnosis. …OBJECTIVE: This study aims to enhance cardiovascular disease diagnosis by combining symptom-based detection and ECG analysis. METHODS: To enhance these experiments, we built a novel automated prediction method based on a Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) model. The fundamental objective of our method is to develop the accuracy of ECG diagnosis. Our strategy employs chaos theory and destruction analysis to combine optimum deep learning features with a well-organized set of ECG properties. In addition, we use the constant-Q non-stationary Gabor transform (CQNGT) to convert one-dimensional ECG data into a two-dimensional picture. A pre-trained FFNN processes this image. To identify significant features from the FFNN output that correspond with the ECG data, we employ pairwise feature proximity. RESULTS: According to experimental findings, the suggested system, FFNN-CQNGT, surpasses other state-of-the-art systems in terms of precision of 94.89%, computational efficiency of 2.114 ms, accuracy of 95.55%, specificity of 93.77%, and sensitivity of 93.99% and MSE 40.32%. CONCLUSION: Contributing an automated ECG-based DL system based on FFNN-CQNGT for early-stage cardiovascular disease identification and classification holds great potential for both patient care and public health. Show more

Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Electrocardiograms (EEG), Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), constant-Q non-stationary Gabor transform (CQNGT)

DOI: 10.3233/THC-240543

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 5025-5045, 2024

Authors: Li, Xia | Dong, Lili

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies in women and imposes a significant health burden globally. According to data from the World Health Organization, the incidence of BC has been increasing steadily over the years. It has become one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women worldwide. OBJECTIVE: This work was to evaluate the combined intervention effect of psychological care along with the use of ondansetron, dexamethasone, and promethazine hydrochloride in breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing chemotherapy, including their impact on nausea and vomiting control, quality of life (QoL), and …psychological status. METHODS: 64 BC patients undergoing chemotherapy were collected and randomly rolled into a control group (Group C) and an intervention group (Group I). Group C received ondansetron combined with routine psychological support and counseling therapy, while Group I received a combination of ondansetron, dexamethasone, promethazine hydrochloride, and psychological care therapy. Self-assessment scores for anxiety, QoL ratings, white blood cell counts, and incidence of adverse reactions were assessed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Group I showed better control of nausea and vomiting versus Group C (P < 0.05). Marked improvements were also observed in the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores, white blood cell counts, and nursing satisfaction in Group I versus Group C (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the two groups had no significant difference regarding QoL scores (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: the combination of psychological care with ondansetron, dexamethasone, and promethazine hydrochloride effectively controls nausea and vomiting symptoms in BC patients undergoing chemotherapy and provides higher levels of clinical nursing satisfaction. Show more

Keywords: Chemotherapy for breast cancer, psychological nursing, ondansetron, dexamethasone, promethazine hydrochloride

DOI: 10.3233/THC-240695

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 5047-5063, 2024

Authors: Yang, Xi | Zhang, Jianmei | Liang, Yanyan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Myopia is a frequent visual problem, and the relationship between choroidal thickness (CT) and the degree of myopia has been a hot topic in myopia research. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to explore the correlation between CT and the degree of myopia, providing a reference for diagnosing and treating myopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2021 to December 2022, collecting data from 95 myopic patients aged between 18 and 50 years in the outpatient department. All subjects’ CT in the macular center (MC), spherical equivalent (SE), and other ocular parameters …were measured. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) analyzed relationships between CT and various factors. RESULTS: The choroid was thickest in the MC and gradually became thinner towards the periphery, with the thinnest region located nasally in the healthy group. In the mild, moderate, and severe myopia groups, the choroid was thickest at 1,000 μ m temporal to the fovea, becoming thinner towards the periphery, with the thinnest region located nasally. The MC’s CT was correlated with a family history of myopia, SE, axial length (AL), and intraocular pressure (IOP). Meanwhile, there was a negative linear relationship between AL and CT in the MC (standard coefficient (SC) of - 0.596, P -value of 0.000, tolerance of 0.217, and variance inflation factor (VIF) of 4.467), and a positive linear correlation between SE and CT in the MC (SC of 0.205, P -value of 0.013, tolerance of 0.257, and VIF of 3.792). CONCLUSION: This work provided clues for further understanding of the pathogenesis of myopic eyes and served as a scientific basis for early screening and treatment of myopia. Additionally, investigating the correlation between myopia and CT can also yield a reference for developing personalized myopia management strategies, which will help slow down myopia’s progression and prevent related complications. Show more

Keywords: Choroidal thickness in the macular center, myopia, spherical equivalent, axial length, linear correlation

DOI: 10.3233/THC-240761

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 5065-5080, 2024

Authors: Anjikumar, Tamarapalli | Chakravarthy, A.S.N.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the Healthcare (HC) sector, the usage of Wireless Sensor Healthcare Networks (WSHN) is attaining specific importance. The sensor device is implanted into the patient’s body, and the sensed health information of patients is transformed via data aggregating devices like mobile devices, cameras, and so on, to the doctors. Thus, the early signs of diseases are identified, and remote monitoring of the patient’s health is carried out by the physician on time. This aids in improving the health condition of the people and reduces the severity of disorders. But, the security gap in HC remains unresolved, despite various …advantages. OBJECTIVE: This work proposes secured data communication in WSHN using Exponential Message Digest5 (EXP-MD5) and Diffie Hellman Secret Key-based Elliptic Curve Cryptography (DHSK-ECC) techniques. METHODS: Primarily, the patient registers their details in the Hospital Cloud Server (HCS). With hospital ID and patient ID, public and private keys are generated during registration. Afterward, by utilizing the Navie Shuffling (NS) technique, n Cr combinations are created and shuffled. After shuffling, any of the randomly selected combinations are encoded utilizing the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) code. For patient authentication, the ASCII code is further converted into a Quick Response(QR) code. Upon successful registration, the patient logs in to HCS. The patient can book for doctor’s appointment if the login details are verified with those of the registered details. On consulting the doctor at the pre-informed time, the digital signature is created utilizing the Universal Unique Salt-based Digital Signature Algorithm (UUS-DSA) for authenticating the patient details. Further, for providing accessibility to all the authorized patients, the registered patients on HCS are considered as nodes. Then, an authorized path is created using the EXP-MD5 technique to protect each individual patient’s details. The patient’s IoT data is sensed, followed by authorized path creation. The data is encrypted via the DHSK-ECC algorithm for secure data transmission. Lastly, all the information is stored in HCS, so that the patient’s health condition is regularly monitored by the doctor and the needy advice is suggested to the patients in the future. Also, hash matching is carried out when the doctor needs to access data. RESULTS: The proposed technique’s efficacy is validated by the performance analysis in comparison with other conventional techniques. CONCLUSION: In this proposed research, the authentication is performed in multiple scenarios to enhance data security and user privacy. The patient details are authenticated during registration and verification to access the online consultation only by the authorized person. Further, the patient health information is encrypted in the proposed work after consultation so that the intrusion of medical records by malicious users and data tampering is prevented. Also, the sensed data gathered from patients are transferred to the HCS by creating the authorized path, which further enhances the security of patient data. Thus, the data communication of the WSHN is well-secured in this work through multi-level authentication and improved cryptography techniques. Show more

Keywords: Data security, privacy-preserving, healthcare networks, Universal Unique Salt-based Digital Signature Algorithm (UUS-DSA), Hospital Cloud Server (HCS), Diffie Hellman Secret Key-based Elliptic Curve Cryptography (DHSK-ECC)

DOI: 10.3233/THC-240790

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 5081-5103, 2024

Authors: Gayathri D, Bala | Sangeetha, D.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the modern medical industry, sensors and other medical electronic equipment such as ECG, thermometers, etc. that measure vitals like blood pressure, body temperature, heartbeat, and blood cells are used to record patient data. The information gathered helps to create a patient profile, which in turn helps doctors treat patients appropriately and helps users gain insights into their health. But, the information collected is regionally specific and not worldwide. Thus, this may create problems in transparency, integrity, and much more. The medical details of patients collected are stored in a simple database which appears to be a centralized …application that is prone to be modified or hacked by intruders and also suffers from fault tolerance. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to solve this problem using Blockchain and Data Possession methodologies. METHODS: Blockchain helps to store multiple copies of data in a decentralized fashion. Thus, a secured model could be implemented using blockchain in which the patient’s data can be securely sent to any medical professional, thus promoting transparency, security, and integrity. RESULTS: Provable Data Possession helps the users to verify that their information is intact and has not been tampered. It can be achieved using cryptography which encrypts the information of the patients stored. CONCLUSION: This paper will be beneficial for the medical department and the public such that it will be beneficial in terms of transparency, scalability, and security. Show more

Keywords: Blockchain, provable data possession, SQL injection attacks, machine learning, neural networks, cryptography

DOI: 10.3233/THC-240921

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 5105-5127, 2024

Authors: Liu, Dongquan | Zhao, Yonggang | Liu, Bangquan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary nodule, one of the most common clinical phenomena, is an irregular circular lesion with a diameter of ⩽ 3 cm in the lungs, which can be classified as benign or malignant. Differentiating benign and malignant pulmonary nodules has an essential effect on clinical medical diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical value and diagnostic effects of the lung nodule classification and segmentation algorithm based on deep learning in differentiating benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. METHODS: A deep learning model with a fine-grained classification manner for the discrimination of pulmonary …models in Dr.Wise Lung Analyzer. This study retrospectively enrolled 120 patients with pulmonary nodules detected by chest spiral CT from March 2021 to September 2022 in the radiology department of Ninghai First Hospital. The DL-based method and physicians’ accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity results were compared using the pathological results as the gold standard. The ROC curve of the deep learning model was plotted, and the AUCs were calculated. RESULTS: On 120 CT images, pathologically diagnosed 81 malignant nodules and 122 benign modules. The AUCs of radiologists’ diagnostic approach and DL-base method for differentiating patients were 0.62 and 0.81; radiologists’ diagnostic approach and DL-base method achieved AUCs of 0.75 and 0.90 for benign and malignant pulmonary nodules differentiate. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with the deep learning model were 73.33%, 78.75%, and 62.50%, respectively, while the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with the physician’s diagnosis were 63.33%, 66.25%, and 57.500. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between the diagnosis results of the proposed DL-based method and the radiologists’ diagnostic approach in differentiating benign and malignant lung nodules on spiral CT (P < 0.05). Show more

Keywords: Benign and malignant pulmonary nodule, deep learning, diagnosis, early diagnosis

DOI: 10.3233/THC-241079

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 5129-5140, 2024

Authors: Kong, Yang | Wang, Yizhi | Yang, Qifan | Ye, Song

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bibliometric analysis of liver cancer research, particularly in immunotherapy, reveals crucial insights. The US leads in liver cancer mortality but ranks fifth globally. OBJECTIVE: Scopus database analysis identified 2,349 papers, with the top 100 ranging from 127 to 4,959 citations. Notably, “Microenvironmental Regulation of Tumours Progression and Metastasis” in the Journal of Nature Medicine garnered the highest citations. METHODS: Journals like the Journal of Hepatology, Hepatology, and Nature Reports Clinical Oncology contributed significantly. Understanding molecular mechanisms and prognostic indicators is paramount for advancing combination therapies. RESULTS: For better patient …outcomes, research trends in liver cancer immunotherapy point to improved treatment protocols, knowledge of the tumor microenvironment, combining therapies, predicting disease course, international cooperation, sophisticated surgical techniques, early detection, oncolytic virotherapy, and patient-centered care. CONCLUSIONS: This research underscores immunotherapy’s pivotal role and encourages further exploration, offering valuable insights into liver cancer treatment trends. Show more

Keywords: Liver cancer, immunotherapy, bibliometric analysis, research trends, oncology

DOI: 10.3233/THC-241111

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 5141-5155, 2024