Nutrition and Healthy Aging - Volume 5, issue 3

Authors: Sengupta, Arjun | Weljie, Aalim M.

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: Sleep is a conserved behavior across the evolutionary timescale. Almost all known animal species demonstrate sleep or sleep like states. Despite extensive study, the mechanistic aspects of sleep need are not very well characterized. Sleep appears to be needed to generate resources that are utilized during the active stage/wakefulness as well as clearance of waste products that accumulate during wakefulness. From a metabolic perspective, this means sleep is crucial for anabolic activities. Decrease in anabolism and build-up of harmful catabolic waste products is also a hallmark of aging processes. Through this lens, sleep and aging processes are remarkably parallel— for …example behavioral studies demonstrate an interaction between sleep and aging. Changes in sleep behavior affect neurocognitive phenotypes important in aging such as learning and memory, although the underlying connections are largely unknown. Here we draw inspiration from the similar metabolic effects of sleep and aging and posit that large scale metabolic phenotyping, commonly known as metabolomics, can shed light to interleaving effects of sleep, aging and progression of diseases related to aging. In this review, data from recent sleep and aging literature using metabolomics as principal molecular phenotyping methods is collated and compared. The present data suggests that metabolic effects of aging and sleep also demonstrate similarities, particularly in lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Some of these changes also overlap with metabolomic data available from clinical studies of Alzheimer’s disease. Together, metabolomic technologies show promise in elucidating interleaving effects of sleep, aging and progression of aging disorders at a molecular level. Show more

Keywords: Sleep, aging, metabolomics, metabolism, Alzheimer’s disease

DOI: 10.3233/NHA-180043

Citation: Nutrition and Healthy Aging, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 167-184, 2019

Authors: Bulut, Esra Ates | Khoury, Rita | Lee, Hyun | Grossberg, George T.

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: The prevalence of malnutrition among older adults is increasing, leading to poor health outcomes and increased mortality. This review sheds light on the different etiologies of eating disturbances in the elderly and discusses assessment tools and treatment strategies. Older adults are found to be more prone to nutritional deficiencies and weight loss due to age related physiological and psychosocial changes, in addition to pathological medical and psychiatric disorders. The short form of the Mini Nutritional Assessment is considered the most commonly used screening tool in older persons. Individuals identified as malnourished or at high risk of malnutrition would benefit from …comprehensive treatment plans according to the underlying etiology. Those involve environmental changes, oral nutritional supplements and ultimately pharmacotherapy. Show more

Keywords: Malnutrition, anorexia, cachexia, appetite, involuntary weight loss, older population

DOI: 10.3233/NHA-180057

Citation: Nutrition and Healthy Aging, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 185-198, 2019

Authors: Zappala, Gaetano | Platania, Armando | Paladino, Grazia | Nicolosi, Liberata Keti | Ragusa, Rosalia | Marranzano, Marina

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently eating habits, such as breakfast, snaking, and out-of-home meals, have been shown to influence metabolic health of general population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to explore the association between meal habits and metabolic status in Southern Italian adults. METHODS: Data from the Mediterranean healthy Eating, Aging and Lifestyle study was used, including a total of 1952 subjects. RESULTS: Individuals having type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemias, and hypertension were more likely to adhere to a diet characterized by skipping breakfast, having unhealthy snacks and having out-of-home meals. Having breakfast was associated with …higher odds of having dyslipidemias (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.74, 4.23); having snacks was associated with higher odds of being obese (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.42, 3.09); and having out-of-home meals was associated with higher odds of having dyslipidemias (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.32) and hypertension (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.21). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that eating habits may be associated with metabolic status in adults living in the Mediterranean area. Show more

Keywords: Snack, metabolic health, Mediterranean, breakfast, hypertension, diabetes, obesity

DOI: 10.3233/NHA-190070

Citation: Nutrition and Healthy Aging, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 199-207, 2019

Authors: Hatle, J.D. | Karjasevic, A. | Rehfeldt, E. | Nagle, F.S. | Milano, L.J. | Patel, S. | Hiatt, D. | McCue, M.D.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Life-extending dietary restriction increases energy demands. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), at high levels, may be detrimental to healthspan by activating the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR). Whether organismal oxidation of BCAAs increases upon dietary restriction is unknown. OBJECTIVE: Test whether dietary restriction (DR, which creates an energy deficit) or supplemental dietary BCAAs (superfluous BCAAs) increases oxidation of BCAAs, potentially reducing their levels to improve healthspan. METHODS: Grasshoppers were reared to middle-age on one of four diets, each a level of lettuce feeding and a force-fed solution: 1) ad libitum lettuce & buffer, 2) ad libitum …lettuce & supplemental BCAAs, 3) DR lettuce & buffer, and 4) DR lettuce & supplemental BCAAs. On trial days, grasshoppers were force-fed one 13 C-1-BCAA (isoleucine, leucine, or valine). Breath was collected and tested for 13 CO2 , which represents organismal oxidation of the amino acid. Additional trials re-tested oxidation of leucine (the most potent activator of mTOR) in both females and males on dietary restriction. RESULTS: Dietary restriction generally increased cumulative oxidation of each BCAA in females and hungry males over ∼8 hr. Results were consistent for isoleucine and valine, but less so for leucine. Supplementation of BCAAs, in combination with dietary restriction, increased isoleucine in hemolymph, with similar trends for leucine and valine. Despite this, supplementation of BCAAs did not alter oxidation of any BCAAs. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary restriction can increase oxidation of BCAAs, likely due to an energy deficit. The increased oxidation may decrease available BCAAs for activation of mTOR and improve healthspan. Show more

Keywords: Aging, metabolism, hunger, isoleucine, leucine, valine

DOI: 10.3233/NHA-190073

Citation: Nutrition and Healthy Aging, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 209-223, 2019

Authors: Zhang, Xuhuiqun | Ahuja, Jaspreet K.C. | Burton-Freeman, Britt M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) contain varied nutrients and phytochemicals important for healthy aging. Processing berries extends their shelf-life and culinary applications, although information on nutritional content among processed forms are limited. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the project was to conduct a market basket study to characterize nutrient content and variation in processed red raspberry (RRB) products (i.e., individually quick frozen (IQF), purée, concentrates). Secondary objectives were to provide new data to the USDA nutrient composition database on processed RRB, which is now complete, and to evaluate RRB forms relative to regulatory (US FDA) criteria …for food labeling based on Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) recommendations expressed as % Daily Values (DV). METHODS: Processed raspberry product samples were obtained in 2017 from retail outlets, processing plants and distributors, in and outside the USA. Samples were analyzed by pre-qualified laboratories using pre-approved AOAC methods and validated HPLC methods. RESULTS: Nutrient variance in domestic compared to imported product was observed, but on average IQF and purée with seeds are excellent sources of dietary fiber based on FDA criteria of providing ≥20% DV, IQF and purée are good (10–19% DV) sources of copper, thiamin, riboflavin and folate, and all forms were excellent or good sources of vitamin C and manganese. IQF and puréed red raspberries may also be considered a valuable fruit source of lutein/zeaxanthin. CONCLUSIONS: Processed RRB are nutrient rich options for including in a diet for healthy aging. Show more

Keywords: IQF, purée, juice concentrate, red raspberry, nutrients

DOI: 10.3233/NHA-190072

Citation: Nutrition and Healthy Aging, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 225-236, 2019

Authors: Heilbronn, Leonie

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/NHA-199002

Citation: Nutrition and Healthy Aging, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 237-238, 2019