Journal of Pediatric Neurology - Volume 6, issue 4

Authors: Özyılmaz, İsa | Barıs, Safa | Özdil, Mine | Albayram, Sait

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Sinus pericranii is a small circumscribed fluctuating vascular swelling of the scalp that directly communicates with the intracranial venous system. Sinus pericranii is not a single clinicopathologic entity, rather a symptom complex with diverse clinical manifestations. The exact diagnosis of sinus pericranii is made by angiography and percutaneous sinusography. We report an 8-month-old child with sinus pericranii who was diagnosed with a non-invasive method, magnetic resonance venography.

Keywords: Sinus pericranii, magnetic resonance imaging, venography

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 367-369, 2008

Authors: Abdwani, Reem | Al-Futaisi, Amna | Jain, Rajeev | Koul, Roshan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We report a 4-year old girl with juvenile dermatomyositis who developed extensive diffuse calcinosis within 2 years of diagnosis. Little is known about the pathophysiology of calcinosis and there is no universally recognized treatment. Intravenous pamidronate significantly reduced the calcinosis. Early recognition and aggressive treatment of calcinosis is highlighted.

Keywords: Juvenile dermatomyositis, calcinosis, pamidronate

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 371-374, 2008

Authors: Yuceer, Nurullah | Arda, Nuri

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH), although common in adults, is rare in childhood and adolescents and especially in patients less than 16 years of age. The most common cause of LIDH in this age group is trauma. Also, sports-related traumas may be a cause of LIDH in children. We report a 12-year-old girl of acute LIDH presenting with low-back pain and muscle weakness after somersault in her school. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a herniated nucleus pulposus …at L4-L5 level. Herniated nucleus pulposus was removed. After the surgery, pain ceased. The patient returned to the school life 20-day after the operation. Show more

Keywords: Childhood, magnetic resonance imaging, trauma, lumbar disc herniation, surgery

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 375-376, 2008

Authors: Alroughani, Raed | Guilfoyle, Jonathan | Connolly, Mary B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Tick paralysis typically presents with an ascending flaccid paralysis. Atypical presentations have been reported. The purpose of this report is to describe a child who presented with acute, cerebellar ataxia without weakness whose symptoms resolved following removal of the tick. Tick paralysis should be added to the list of causes of acute cerebellar ataxia.

Keywords: Tick paralysis, cerebellar disease, acute ataxia

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 377-379, 2008

Authors: Akgün, Bekir | Kaplan, Metin | Yıldırım, Hanefi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Klippel-Feil syndrome can be seen with bony anomalies of the craniocervical junction and syringomyelia. However, association of Klippel-Feil syndrome with upper cervical arachnoid cyst has not been reported previously. This report demonstrates clinical and radiological features of a case of Klippel-Feil syndrome complicated by Chiari I malformation, upper cervical arachnoid cyst and syringomyelia. A 7-year-old girl was evaluated due to headache, neck pain and restricted cervical movements. Craniocervical evaluation of the case …demonstrated Chiari I malformation, partial fusion defect at C2-C3, C5-C6 vertebrae, upper cervical arachnoid cyst and cervicothoracal syringomyelia. Suboccipital craniectomy, C1 laminectomy, arachnoid cyst excision, and duraplasty with autologous fascia lata were performed. The headache and the neck pain of the patient improved after the operation. The arachnoid cyst did not recur. Show more

Keywords: Chiari malformation type I, Klippel-Feil syndrome, syringomyelia, upper cervical arachnoid cyst

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 381-384, 2008

Authors: Bouyahia, Olfa | Bellalah, Manel | Amdouni, Narjess | Gharsallah, Lamia | Mazigh, Sonia Mrad | Bellagah, Ibtissem | Boukthir, Samir | Sammoud, Azza El Gharbi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a recently defined cliniconeuroradiologic entity, rarely reported in children. Hypertensive encephalopathy is the most common cause. A 4-year-old boy presented with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome manifested by headache, seizures, coma, papilledema and facial paralysis complicating severe arterial hypertension. Computed tomography scan of the brain showed bilateral low-density areas corresponding to the frontal, parietooccipital white matter and to the internal capsula. Blood pressure was controlled within 4 days …and clinical recovery was obtained within 5 days. Magnetic resonance imaging, performed 2 months later, was normal. The arterial hypertension was caused by renal scars of bilateral vesico-renal reflux. The clinical course, pathophysiology and neuroimaging features of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in children are discussed. Show more

Keywords: Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy, arterial hypertension, child

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 385-388, 2008

Authors: Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo | Ogbole, Godwin | Lagunju, Ike

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is a rare disease of the brain characterized by focal seizures, unilateral cortical deficits, hemiparesis, and hemiatrophy of the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. The affected brain tissue shows a chronic inflammatory histopathology and an autoimmune reaction is suspected. Therapeutic strategies include anticonvulsants, immunomodulation and surgery. We present the first report of RE in a Nigerian. A 4-year-old girl presented with a 15-month history of recurrent involuntary jerky movements of the …right upper limb and tonic deviation of the neck to the right side often associated with loss of consciousness. Seizures lasted 2 to 3 min and occurred every 2 to 3 h. She later developed right-sided weakness. On examination, she had right-sided spastic hemiparesis with astereognosis. The electroencephalograph showed theta and delta waves on the left cerebral hemisphere with epileptiform sharp and slow waves and phase reversal pattern. Brain computerized tomogram showed left hemispheric hemiatrophy with non-enhancing hypodense lesions in the left hemisphere. This was confirmed by brain magnetic resonance imaging, which showed left cerebral atrophy with associated left white matter hyperintensities on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. There was no enhancement with gadolinium. She improved on anticonvulsants. She fulfilled the European Consensus criteria for the diagnosis of RE. Electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging are important for the diagnosis of RE, a condition worth considering in patients with focal seizures and unilateral neurological deficits. Show more

Keywords: Rasmussen's encephalitis, seizure disorder, epilepsy, focal seizure, epilepsia partialis continua

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 389-394, 2008

Authors: Choh, Suhil A. | Choh, Naseer A. | Yousuf, Romi | Jehangir, Majid

Article Type: Research Article

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 395-397, 2008