Journal of Pediatric Neurology - Volume 5, issue 2

Authors: Kuramochi, Yukio | Koizumi, Shinya | Morita, Toshisada | Watanabe, Masanori | Hashimoto, Kiyoshi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We have been prescribing low dose oral penicillin to an 8-year-old boy with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections. Neither symptom exacerbation nor increase in antistreptolysin O titer was observed after this prophylaxis. The significance of penicillin prophylaxis for the control of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection exacerbation is discussed in light of the current literature.

Keywords: Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections, penicillin prophylaxis

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 149-151, 2007

Authors: Chieng, Siik Kwong | Hussain, Nahin | Gosalakkal, Jayaprakash Ayillath

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A case of childhood chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is reported. A 15-year-old male presented with CIDP, which initially mimicked Guillain-Barré syndrome. He subsequently developed major relapses at four and five months after initial presentation. He recovered six weeks after the last relapse. Serological studies showed positive Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen IgG and negative EBV viral capsid antigen IgM. However, EBV deoxyribonucleic acid was detected by polymerase …chain reaction from cerebrospinal fluid, measuring up to 1000 copies/mL. His CIDP, which ran a relapsing course, could be explained by reactivation of latent EBV, triggered by other viral illness. Given patient's full recovery, the mechanism of injury is likely due to EBV-associated immune-mediated process, rather than from a direct viral infiltration of the peripheral nerve. This is the first report of a CIDP with documented EBV infection in cerebrospinal fluid. Show more

Keywords: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Epstein-Barr virus

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 153-156, 2007

Authors: Intusoma, Utcharee | Anuntaseree, Wanaporn | Pruekprasert, Pornpimol | Janjindamai, Supachai | Vasiknanonte, Punnee

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Cavernous sinus tuberculoma is very rare. This is the first reported case in a child. A 3-year-old girl presented with progressive cavernous syndrome even though adequate antibiotics had been given. Neuroimaging could not conclusively differentiate other previously reported cavernous lesions such as lymphoma, meningioma, or fungal infection. A cavernous biopsy was not allowed by her parents, but antituberculous agents were given due to abnormal chest film, reactive tuberculin test, and positive Mycobacterium …tuberculosis culture from the gastric contents. Complete recovery occurred without other medication. Cavernous tuberculoma was inferred from the therapeutic response to antituberculous agents. Show more

Keywords: Cavernous sinus, tuberculoma, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ophthalmoplegia

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 157-160, 2007

Authors: Karas, Chris S. | Berg, Craig | Elton, Scott W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A case of immunoassay proven West Nile virus encephalitis in a six-year old girl with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is described. The patient was initially evaluated for shunt dysfunction, but further testing revealed viral encephalitis. Importantly, once the diagnosis was confirmed, the child's treatment and recovery did not require shunt revision. This is the first reported case of the diagnosis and treatment of West Nile virus encephalitis in the setting of ventriculoperitoneal shunting.

Keywords: West Nile virus, hydrocephalus, encephalitis, ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 161-164, 2007

Authors: Jha, Sanjeev | Kumar, Rajesh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: There are very few reports of meningoencephalitis and myositis subsequent to hepatitis A virus (HAV). This case study reports a patient with serologically proven HAV infection, associated with meningoencephalitis and myositis. Since HAV infection might pass unnoticed, as many cases remain anicteric or subclinical, HAV should be considered as one of the etiological agents in meningoencephalitis.

Keywords: Hepatitis A, meningoencephalitis, myositis

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 165-169, 2007

Authors: Kumar, Raj | Krishnani, Narendra | Mahapatra, Ashok Kumar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A 3-year-male child was operated for 4th ventricular choroid plexus carcinoma. He presented with features of raised intracranial pressure and midline posterior fossa syndrome. A total excision of tumor could be achieved as there was no parenchymal invasion or adherence with the walls of 4th ventricle. Cerebrospinal fluid pathway was reestablished and hydrocephalus resolved gradually. The child developed peritoneal and liver metastases at follow-up of 14-month without local recurrence. A choroid plexus carcinoma …metastasizes to the liver and peritoneum. Show more

Keywords: Choroid plexus carcinoma, intra-abdominal metastasis

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 171-174, 2007

Authors: Kakava, Felicia V. | Papazoglou, Kleoniki G. | Sideri, Georgia I. | Papadatos, John H.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Botulism is caused by the toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. This toxin binds the peripheral presynaptic cholinergic membranes, preventing the release of acetylcholine and thereby producing a life-threatening, paralytic illness. We report the case of an infant with botulism who proceeded to cardiorespiratory arrest, but whose outcome was very satisfactory, in spite of the delay in diagnosis.

Keywords: Botulism, cardiorespiratory arrest, hypotonia

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 175-177, 2007

Authors: Frye, Richard E.

Article Type: Other

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neurology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 179-180, 2007