Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Volume 5, issue 2

Authors: Howell, Victoria | Mahabeer, Prasha | Coovadia, Yacoob | Singh, Radhika

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Streptococcus agalactiae is a well-established cause of neonatal meningitis, whereas Acinetobacter baumannii, often seen as a contaminant, has only rarely been reported to cause meningitis without a neurosurgical predisposition. We report of a case of neonatal meningitis in a preterm neonate in which both S. agalactiae and A. baumannii were considered the pathogens. This case highlights the pathogenicity of A. baumannii, and suggests that it may be frequently underestimated.

Keywords: A. baumannii, group B streptococcus, meningitis, antimicrobial resistance

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0230

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 185-187, 2010

Authors: Viswanathan, Rajlakshmi | Singh, Arun | Mukherjee, Ranajit | Sardar, Syamal | Dasgupta, Sudipta | Mukherjee, Suchandra

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates. Enteric Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus are common causes of neonatal sepsis in the developing world. We report a case of neonatal sepsis caused by Brevundimonas vesicularis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of invasive B. vescularis infection in a newborn in the English literature.

Keywords: B. vesicularis, neonatal sepsis

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0231

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 189-191, 2010

Authors: Naija, Ouns | Trabelsi, Monique | Massoud, Ines Ben | Lakhoua, Mohamed Rachid

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We report a case of post-yersinial reactive arthritis in a 4-year-old child. Three weeks after the onset of diarrhea, he developed tenderness of joints and bilateral conjunctivitis. Serological tests revealed antibodies to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis type IV. After a follow-up of 4~months, he has no complaints. Our recent case illustrates the typical features and highlights the need to look for the diagnosis.

Keywords: Reactive arthritis, yersinia infection

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0243

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 193-194, 2010

Authors: Latif, Lamia Abdel | Shee, Anutosh | Shakra, Leena Abu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Enterococcus faecalis meningitis in children generally occurs when some predisposing factors are present, particularly central nervous system malformations and previous neurological surgery. In this article, we present a case of a relapse of E. faecalis meningitis in a 4-month-old previously healthy, well-grown infant who did not have any predisposing factors. He was discharged in good condition following a full 3 week course of an antibiotic that the organism was sensitive to, vancomycin. No cause was …identified for the relapse and it was assumed to be due to persistence of the infection in the meningeal and/or parameningeal foci. Subsequent clearance of the infection following three more weeks of therapy suggests there is a need to increase the initial treatment duration of the sensitive antibiotic Show more

Keywords: E. faecalis, bacterial meningitis, childhood, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0233

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 195-198, 2010

Authors: Broides, Arnon | Lev-Tzion, Raffi | Leibovitz, Eugene

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We present a case of a child with generalized convulsions and dysentery caused by Campylobacter jejunii and review the pediatric literature published on this topic. Our case, as well as previous reports, suggests that in a child with convulsions and dysentery, the differential diagnosis should include shigellosis and also Campylobacter spp. infection. Because azithromycin provides appropriate coverage for both etiologies and in light of the present case, we suggest that it be considered …in addition to parenteral ceftriaxone in severe cases of dysentery with or without convulsions. Show more

Keywords: Campylobacter spp, dysentery, convulsions, children, shigellosis

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0234

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 199-201, 2010

Authors: Misra, Saheli | Pal, Priyankar | Das, Dipankar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Though cavernous sinus thrombosis is not uncommon, concurrent involvement of the internal carotid artery leading to hemiparesis has only occasionally been described. In this article, we present a 15-month-old boy with unilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis and left sided hemiplegia following a folliculitis in the forehead. Prompt diagnosis and confirmation by magnetic resonance imaging assisted in early management.

Keywords: Cavernous sinus thrombosis, hemiplegia

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0235

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 203-206, 2010

Authors: Farahmand, Fatemeh | Sabbaghian, Mozhgan | Taj Khotaie, Ghamar | Eftekhari, Kambiz

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Neonates and young infants with human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) may present with hepatitis, which is rarely fulminant. However, because HHV-6 is prevalent as a latent infection in humans, causality must be proven in patients with fulminant hepatitis. We describe a rare case of fulminant hepatitis induced by HHV-6 with concomitant central nervous system involvement and without any classic skin rash. An immunocompetent, breast-fed 14-month-old girl was admitted to our hospital because of gastrointestinal bleeding, fever, …excessive sleepiness and inability to recognize parents, markedly elevated serum transaminase and severe coagulopathy. Cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction assay for viral agent was positive for HHV-6. Fortunately, the patient demonstrated a rapid improvement thereafter and did not require liver transplantation. Show more

Keywords: Fulminant hepatitis, human herpes virus 6, central nervous system

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0240

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 207-209, 2010

Authors: Sheiko, Melissa | Soma, Viju | Moss, Nicholas | Frenkel, Lisa

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A 15-month-old male with fever, malaise, rash, cracked lips and influenza A in respiratory secretions was noted to have slight edema of his feet and a rising C-reactive protein. Echocardiography revealed dilated coronary arteries, which confirmed concomitant Kawasaki disease. During influenza season, heightened suspicion for Kawasaki disease is warranted, as symptoms shared between these illnesses can cause delayed diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords: Kawasaki disease, influenza A, diagnosis

DOI: 10.3233/JPI-2010-0241

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 211-213, 2010