Journal of Cellular Biotechnology - Volume 9, issue 2

Authors: Kale, Preeti Prakash | Mani, Amit | Gurha, Shraddha | Abhishek, H.N. | Kant, Krishan | Mustilwar, Rachita

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Cytokine storm is an excessive immune response that can occur in various medical conditions, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. It is characterized by a massive release of cytokines, leading to widespread inflammation and tissue damage. Clinical manifestations of cytokine storm include fever, hypotension, respiratory distress, and organ dysfunction. Laboratory findings typically show elevated levels of inflammatory markers and cytokines. The treatment of cytokine storm depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition, but commonly involves immunosuppressive therapy, cytokine inhibitors, supportive care, plasma exchange, and other therapies. Early recognition and management are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Several …cytokine inhibitors have been used in the treatment of cytokine storm, including tocilizumab, anakinra, emapalumab, sarilumab, and baricitinib. However, the use of cytokine inhibitors should be individualized based on the underlying condition and potential side effects. Further research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology of cytokine storm and develop more effective treatment strategies. Show more

Keywords: Cytokine storm, Covid 19, inflammation, inhibitors

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230091

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 79-83, 2023

Authors: Banerjee, Shramana | Abhishek, H.N. | Gupta, Priyanka | Patel, Abhishek Pravin | Kant, Krishan | Shetti, Akshaya N

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various fields of medicine, and anesthesia is no exception. AI in anesthesia is not only streamlining the work of anesthesiologists but also improving patient outcomes. The integration of biotechnology and AI has created opportunities for personalized care in anesthesia, with the aim of optimizing patient outcomes. The use of biotechnology in conjunction with AI has further expanded the possibilities in anesthesia care. Biotechnology tools such as genomics and proteomics can provide insights into individual patient responses to anesthesia drugs, enabling personalized drug dosing and reducing the risk of adverse events. Similarly, the use of biosensors …and wearable devices can provide continuous monitoring of vital signs and other physiological parameters, allowing for real-time adjustments to anesthesia care. In future the integration of AI and biotechnology in anesthesia care has the potential to transform the field of anesthesia and improve patient outcomes. The development of personalized care plans and the early identification of at-risk patients can lead to a safer and more efficient anesthesia experience for patients. Show more

Keywords: Anesthesia, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, patient outcome assessment, precision medicine

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230092

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 85-91, 2023

Authors: Tikhomirova, Irina | Muravyov, Alexei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This review summarizes current knowledge of the hydrogen sulfide role in cardiovascular system, the proposed mechanisms of its action and the prospects for its applicability in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Hydrogen sulfide was recently recognized as gasotransmitter –simple signaling molecule which freely penetrates the cell membrane and regulates a number of biological functions. In humans endogenous H2 S is generated via enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways and its content varies in different tissues and is strictly regulated. In cardiovascular system H2 S is produced by myocardial, vascular and blood cells and regulates a number of vital functions. Numerous experimental data …prove that endogenously generated as well as exogenously administered H2 S exerts a wide range of actions in cardiovascular system, including vasodilator/vasoconstrictor effects, regulation of blood pressure, pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in the vascular smooth muscle cells, influence on angiogenesis and erythropoiesis, myocardial cytoprotection in ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxygen sensing, inhibition of platelet aggregation and blood coagulation, modification of erythrocyte microrheological properties (aggregability and deformability). Understanding of molecular mechanisms of H2 S action and molecular crosstalk between H2 S, NO, and CO is essential for the development of its diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Show more

Keywords: Gasotransmitters, hydrogen sulfide, cardiovascular system, circulation, hemostasis, erythrocytes, therapeutic potential

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230098

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 93-115, 2023

Authors: Sachdeva, Shivani | Saluja, Harish | Mani, Amit

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder that results in tissue destruction when there are too many germs present or when the host’s normal inflammatory response is disrupted. The fight against periodontal regeneration is a titanic one. Tissue engineering was suggested by Langer and colleagues as a potential method for replacing the missing periodontal tissues. The development of functional and long-lasting periodontal tissues will take the role of sick tissues thanks to the science of tissue engineering, which combines engineering and the life sciences. Tissue engineering is an emerging specialisation in the realm of medical health and sciences. It is advancing, …spreading its wings over numerous facets of molecular biology, physiology, surgery, regeneration, and molecular medicine. Cell biologists, molecular biologists, biomaterial engineers, experts in microscopic imaging, robotics engineers, computer-assisted designers, and developers of equipment such as bioreactors, where tissues are grown and nurtured, are just a few of the medical and technical specialties that make up the field. Finally, legal advisors and marketing research specialists (product development, and medical implementation) are also involved in the practical process of tissue engineering. New biological organs will be created in the future using engineering and biological techniques. Show more

Keywords: Tissue engineering, scaffolds, regeneration

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230099

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 117-120, 2023

Authors: Sachdeva, Shivani | Mani, Amit | Saluja, Harish | Chatterjee, Anirban

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The therapeutic application of ozone and its derivatives in the dental field has been used for many purposes. However, there has yet to be a consistent evaluation of the outcomes, due to the lack of standardization of the treatment operating procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The keywords “ozone”, “ozonated”, “ozonation” “ozonized”, “ozonization”, “dentistry”, “periodontology”, “oral surgery”, “oxygen-ozone therapy” was used to perform a literature review using PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar databases with the temporal restriction for manuscripts published between 2000 and 2020. Clinical trials and case reports of good, neutral, as well as negative results related to ozone …treatment specifications were evaluated. DISCUSSION: A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of this bio-oxidative therapy could open new horizons related to the personalization of treatments and the quality of dental care. The critical condition to achieve these goals is an improved knowledge of the qualitative/quantitative characteristics of ozone and its derivatives. CONCLUSION: Considering the advantages of the ozone therapy in both gingivitis and periodontitis over gold standard chlorhexidine can help to build up a ladder of its use topically. Show more

Keywords: Ozone, ozonated water, ozonated oil, regenerative medicine

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230101

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 121-129, 2023

Authors: Kohale, Mangesh G. | Dhobale, Anupama V. | Bankar, Nandkishor J. | Noman, Obaid | Hatgaonkar, Kajal | Mishra, Vaishnavi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an invaluable technique in pathology that allows for the localization and characterization of specific antigens within tissues using specific antibodies. Over the years, IHC has revolutionized the field of diagnostic pathology, providing critical information about the molecular and cellular composition of tissues. This comprehensive review article aims to provide an overview of the principles, methodologies, applications, and challenges of IHC in pathology. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a vital technique in pathology that allows for the detection and visualization of specific antigens within tissue samples. This article provides an overview of the principles, methodology, and applications of IHC in …pathology. The principles of immunoreactivity, antibody selection, and detection methods are discussed, highlighting their importance in achieving accurate and reliable results. The methodology of IHC, including tissue preparation, antigen retrieval, and visualization techniques, is outlined to guide researchers and pathologists in implementing the technique effectively. The article also explores the role of antibodies in IHC, emphasizing the differences between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, as well as the significance of antibody validation and quality control. The applications of IHC in pathology are described, ranging from tumor classification and prognostic assessments to the detection of infectious agents and the characterization of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the article examines advancements and challenges in IHC, such as multiplex staining, digital pathology, quality control, and interpretation. Finally, emerging techniques, including the integration of next-generation sequencing and artificial intelligence, are discussed as future perspectives for IHC. Overall, this comprehensive overview demonstrates the indispensable role of IHC in pathology and its continuous evolution to meet the ever-expanding needs of diagnostic and research endeavors. Show more

Keywords: Immunohistochemistry, antigen retrieval, visualization techniques, multiplex staining, digital pathology

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230110

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 131-138, 2023

Authors: Muravyov, A.V. | Priezzhev, A.V. | Tikhomirova, I.A. | Lugovtsov, A.E. | Mikhailov, P.V.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular resistance, and therefore blood pressure (BP), depends on vascular and rheological factors. Microrheological characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) can affect blood viscosity (BV) and thus be included in the pathogenesis of increased blood pressure in arterial hypertension (AH). Signaling molecules such as gasotransmitters (NO, CO and H2 S) regulate vascular tone and RBC microrheological characteristics and thus affect blood pressure and tissue perfusion. OBJECTIVE: It was evaluated the changes in the macro- and microrheological characteristics of blood and red blood cells (RBCs) under arterial hypertension in persons with and without COVID-19, as well as the …protective effect of NO and H2 S donors on the RBC microrheological properties. METHODS: Hemorheological profile parameters were recorded in group 1 individuals (n  = 18, 9 women and 9 men) without a history of COVID-19; group 2 (n  = 16; 11 females and 5 males), hypertensive patients who had COVID-19. As a control, there was a group of healthy individuals (group 3 n  = 22). In experiments with red blood cells (RBCs) and their recovered ghosts (filled with an isotonic solution of known viscosity), deformability (RBCD) and aggregation (RBCA) were recorded after incubation of cells with sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100μM) and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 100μM). RESULTS: In patients with AH in both groups, the main parameters of the hemorheological profile were negatively changed, including a decrease in RBCD and an increase in BV, plasma viscosity (PV) and RBCA. SNP and NaHS significantly increased deformability and reduced their aggregation (p  < 0.01). However, in healthy individuals, microrheological responses to GT donors (100μM) were more pronounced than in patients with AH, especially in the AH+COVID-19 group (p  < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both gasotransmitter donors (NO and H2 S) have a positive effect on the RBC microrheological characteristics in healthy and sick individuals. However in hypertensive patients, especially those who had COVID-19, microrheological responses to GT donors were significantly lower. Therefore, on the model of red cell microrheological responses, as on a test object, it is possible to determine the decrease in the sensitivity of cells and tissues to the regulatory action of gasotransmitters. Show more

Keywords: Red blood cell, deformability, aggregation, gasotransmitters, hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen oxide

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230113

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 139-148, 2023

Authors: Sachdeva, Shivani | Saluja, Harish | Mani, Amit | Kunkulol, Rahul | Mohammadi, Syeda Nikhat | Abhaya, Deepak

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral cavity ecosystem represents a dynamic pattern. Scaling and root planing (SRP) is the gold standard approach for treatment of chronic periodontitis but used alone it may not be effective in removing periodontal pathogens from sites where access is poor. Although chlorhexidine is the most effective mouthwash against oral microorganisms, the side effects of long- term use suggest the need for an alternative. Hence, this study has been undertaken to know effectiveness of silver nanoparticle mouthwash with chlorhexidine mouthwash which is effective on common microorganisms of oral cavity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the clinical and biochemical …outcome of chlorhexidine (CHX) and silver nanoparticle as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Ninety- two patients with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis from the Dept. of Periodontology who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited for the study. In the experimental clinical trial, the clinical parameters likewise; Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) were assessed. The volumetric analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels were assessed at baseline and follow up visits. The IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows software, v. 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA), was used. The data was numerically coded and entered into the program. Both the descriptive statistics and the inferential statistics were analyzed to compare the responses between the groups. RESULTS: The statistical analysis was carried out by descriptive as well as inferential statistics and both groups demonstrated significant intragroup reduction in PI, GI, PPD, CAL, GCF from baseline to 3 months follow-up. There were statistically significant intragroup differences between both the groups for all of the parameters. CONCLUSION: Silver nanoparticle mouthwash can be an alternative adjunct for non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis. Results of this study indicated that both the mouth rinse demonstrated an equal range of effectiveness. These conclusions were supported by the clinical parameters and biochemical outcomes. Show more

Keywords: Mouthwashes, silver nanoparticle, periodontitis

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230116

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 149-159, 2023

Authors: Mishra, Vaishnavi | Ugemuge, Sarita | Tiwade, Yugeshwari

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a computer’s capacity to carry out operations like speech and image recognition and decision-making that ordinarily require human intelligence. Healthcare is using AI to automate tasks such as medical image analysis and diagnosis that require high precision and accuracy. The healthcare industry is significantly impacted by the rapid development of machine learning algorithms, which are frequently implemented using deep learning, as well as the growth of digital data and computing power supported by improvements in hardware technologies. Significant progress has been made in the field of artificial intelligence in recent years and is now widely used …in healthcare to automate a variety of tasks, which require a high degree of accuracy and precision. The creation of machine learning algorithms, which can learn from data and make predictions based on that learning, has made it possible to use AI in healthcare. Neural networks are used in deep learning, a subfield of machine learning, to simulate how the human brain functions. Crucial advances have been made in clinical decision support, drug discovery, and medical imaging. Furthermore, the rapid development of hardware technologies, such as graphics processing units, has allowed AI systems to process enormous amounts of data quickly and accurately. Due to this, AI-based tools and platforms can help healthcare professionals with tasks such as patient monitoring, disease diagnosis, and treatment planning. Show more

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, healthcare, machine learning, diagnostics, and deep learning

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230118

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 161-168, 2023