Journal of Cellular Biotechnology - Volume 10, issue 1

Authors: Zhang, Zhongbai | Qin, Xueting | Chen, Jingxun | Li, Yanchun | Chen, Huaxin | Xie, Hongwei | Yang, Min | Li, Chuang | Wang, Zhenghui | Zhang, Mei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is an important threat to human health. The pathological basis is atherosclerosis, and foam cell formation is the key link in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Here, foam cell models were established using 50 ng/ml oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to stimulate in vitro cultures of THP-1 cells for 72 h. The expression of ZNF580, a Cys2–His2 (C2H2) zinc finger protein containing 172 amino acids that was originally cloned by screening a human aortic cDNA library, was measured in foam cells, and its interaction with various regulatory factors during foam cell formation was investigated. Oil red O (ORO) staining …was used to observe cell morphology and intracellular lipid levels. Lentivirus transfection was used to induce high ZNF580 expression (Ad-ZNF580) and low ZNF580 expression (Si-ZNF580) in THP-1 cells, and a fluorescent inverted microscope was used to observe the distribution of ZNF580 immunofluorescence to deduce the transfection rate. RNA and total protein were extracted, and the expression levels of ZNF580, cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein levels were examined by western blotting to evaluate the interaction between ZNF580 and associated regulatory factors. ZNF580 can significantly increase the expression levels of ApoE and ABCA1 and significantly decrease the expression levels of CD36 and PPAR-γ, suggesting that ZNF580-mediated inhibition of foam cell formation is associated with the PPAR-γ-CD36 signalling pathway. Based on these findings, ZNF580 might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Show more

Keywords: ZNF 580, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, foam cells

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-220063

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-15, 2024

Authors: Tiwade, Yugeshwari R. | Bankar, Nandkishor | Mishra, Vaishnavi | Sajjanar, Anita

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: Over the past few years, medical artificial intelligence (AI) has been extensively utilized within the healthcare industry. However, the deployment of AI raises complicated social and ethical issues related to security, privacy, and human rights. While the use of artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve healthcare outcomes and operational efficiency, this article gives a detailed assessment of current cutting-edge AI breakthroughs in clinical laboratories. It focuses on the potential benefits of AI and its application in clinical laboratory. The use of AI in clinical laboratory is rapidly growing, with the potential to alter patient care in the near …future. Furthermore, it has the potential to democratize modern laboratory services, making them available to people all around the world. Show more

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, pathology, medicine, deep learning, clinical decision support, medical imaging

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230119

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 17-23, 2024

Authors: Ajileye, A.B. | Akinbo, F.O.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The thousands of chemicals and compounds found in cigarette smoke, including many free radicals and oxidants, can cause oxidative damage to DNA either directly or by producing reactive oxygen species in cultured cells. This study was carried out to analyze the urinary 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase (OGG1) and 8-Hydroxy-2’ –Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) among cigarette and non-cigarette smokers in South-West, Nigeria. METHODS: Urine samples were collected from 250 cigarette smokers and 200 non-cigarette smokers who live in south-west, Nigeria. Questionnaire was administered first to both cigarette and non-cigarette smokers prior to specimen collection. About 10mls of urine samples were collected …from each of the subjects and was used to carry out Oxoguanine Glycosylase and 8-Hydroxyl-2-deoxyguanosine using spectrophotometer at 450 nm wavelength. RESULTS: There was a significant (P  < 0.05) increase in Urinary 8-OHdG (345.84±90.98 vs 223±68.48) and OGG1 (220.71±59.55 vs 97.20±56.14) of the cigarette smokers when compared with that of non-cigarette smokers. CONCLUSION: On the basis of this study, it has been observed and established that indulging in cigarette smoking can result in oxidative stress and DNA damage. Show more

Keywords: 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase, 8-Hydroxy-2’ –Deoxyguanosine, cigarette smokers, non-cigarette smokers, spectrophotometer.

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230120

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 25-34, 2024

Authors: Singh, Akshat Pratap | Shaikh, Mohammad Kamran | Borker, Anjali | Bandre, Gulshan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The disease lupus, also known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune condition, chronic in nature, that can affect any organ in the body. The immune system of the body becomes hyperactive in lupus, attacking normal tissues and organs such as the skin, skeletal, renal, brain, heart, lungs, and blood. Normally, the immunologic response protects the body against outside susceptibilities. Periods of illness, known as flares, and times of wellness, known as remissions, are characteristics of lupus. Lupus is challenging to diagnose since its symptoms are vastly adherent and often mistaken for those of other illnesses. The presence of …complexities in this illness cannot be proven with a single laboratory test. Lupus has no recognised cause or treatment as of yet. However, research is going on to achieve improved health outcomes, and early identification and treatment are essential. Lupus has no recognised cause or treatment as of yet. Early detection and treatment, which can typically reduce a disease’s severity and course, are essential to enhancing health outcomes. NSAIDs, antimalarials, and steroids (including cortisone and others) are widely used to treat lupus. Patients with lupus may also receive cytotoxic chemotherapy comparable to chemotherapy used to treat cancer. Patients with lupus may also receive cytotoxic chemotherapy comparable to chemotherapy used to treat cancer. This well-known and respected resource has a new edition that blends basic and clinical science to present a translational medicine concept. A helpful resource for professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematous patients, SLE serves as a reference for hospital libraries and as a tool for measuring clinical activity for drug development and fundamental research. Beautifully depicted and in full colour throughout Basic science part has been enhanced to let readers concentrate on the most recent molecular medicine techniques and how they affect the expression and treatment of diseases. Show more

Keywords: Biomarkers, IFI27, immune infiltration, integrated bioinformatics, epidemiology, genetic, polymorphism

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230121

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 35-43, 2024

Authors: Atef, Alaa | Abo Elsoud, Mostafa M. | Elkhouly, Heba I. | Sidkey, Nagwa M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Biosurfactants are surfactants derived from several types of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and fungi as membrane components or secondary metabolites. OBJECTIVE: To increase BS productivity as a biocompatible, low-toxic substitute for chemical surfactants employed in modern industry and the huge variety of applications they are used in. METHODS: Different media were used in isolation of the biosurfactant BS producers. The most potent bacterial isolate was analysed by 16S-rRNA. Plackett Burman and Box-Behnken Designs were used for optimization conditions. BS was purified by and characterized. RESULTS: Only one strain demonstrated great BS productivity, …excellent emulsifying capability (54.5±0.1%) and oil spreading activity which analysed as Bacillus cereus AHMNAZ1 with accession number OP714421.1. The BS was lipopeptide in nature, identified as a surfactin which was stable and has Critical Micelle Concentration of 60 mg/L. Isolated surfactin showed excellent activity against Colon Carcinoma and Breast Carcinoma cell lines and can be used as antimicrobial agent. CONCLUSION: The study found a cheaper way of creating biosurfactants from agro-industrial wastes, delivering a twofold benefit of lowering environmental pollution and manufacturing useful biotechnological products (biosurfactants) with high activity and thermostability. Moreover, it can be used for the bioremediation of oil-polluted soils and in medical fields. Show more

Keywords: Biosurfactant, Bacillus cereus, surfactin, antimicrobial, antitumor, bioremediation

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230122

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 45-74, 2024

Authors: Shilpa, J. | Nebu, G.T.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Liver is a vital organ and the role of Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) conjugated chitosan nanoparticles in enhancing the hepatocyte proliferation was reported. To understand the influence of these nanoparticles on various biochemical parameters during enhanced liver regeneration will improve its clinical significance. OBJECTIVE: To highlight the influence of GABA chitosan nanoparticles on ascorbic acid, hydroxyproline and lipid peroxidation levels during liver regeneration. METHODS: Intraperitoneal administration of nanoparticles was done to partially hepatectomised female Sprague Dawley rats (GCNP) and compared the biochemical parameters with sham operated control (C) and with no treatment (PHNT) cases. …RESULTS: The hydroxyproline content was increased in the liver of GCNP when compared to PHNT (P  < 0.05). The lipid peroxidation level was increased (P  < 0.01) in PHNT compared to the control whereas, decreased in GCNP when compared (P  < 0.01) with PHNT. There was a significant increase (P  < 0.01) in the ascorbic acid content in PHNT when compared with C. It was significantly decreased (P  < 0.01) in GCNP when compared with PHNT. CONCLUSION: This highlighted the therapeutic implications of lipid peroxidation, hydroxyproline and ascorbic acid in GABA chitosan nanoparticles mediated liver regeneration, which will have immense clinical relevance in maintaining liver health. Show more

Keywords: Gamma amino butyric acid, lipid peroxidation, ascorbic acid, hydroxyproline, liver regeneration

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230129

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 75-84, 2024

Authors: Sachdeva, Shivani | Mani, Amit | Vikhe, Shweta | Pandit, Anjali | Jagtap, Pranjali

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: Collagen is a fibrillar protein that conforms the conjunctive and connective tissues in the human body, essentially skin, joints, and bones. It is one of the most abundant molecule in many of the living organisms due to its connective role in biological structure. It is a highly versatile material, extensively used in the medical, dental, and pharmacological fields. Collagen is capable of being prepared into cross-linked compacted solids or into lattice-like gels. The collagen family consists of at least 30 different genes, which produce 19 known types of collagen. All collagens contain greater or lesser stretches of triple helix. Some …of the superior properties of collagen-based biomaterials, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical properties, and cell activities, are pinpointed. These properties make collagen applicable in biomedicine, such as wound healing, tissue engineering, surface coating of medical devices, and skin supplementation. The purpose of this article is to review the available literature on collagen with special emphasis on its role in development and maintenance of oral tissues. Also it reviews the types of collagen, it’s structure, sources, role in maintaining periodontal tissues and uses in dentistry. Show more

Keywords: Collagen, biomedicine, tissue engineering

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230136

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 85-92, 2024

Authors: Shuvalova, Margarita | Nosov, Georgii

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Culture inserts of Transwell type are widely used in laboratories worldwide to model non-cerebral vessels, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and other blood-tissue barriers, and also for the study of chemotaxis and transmigration. However, the use of inserts can generate plastic waste that has an environmental impact due to their one-off design and massive consumption. Thus, it is important to develop a method that can reduce the utilization of inserts but not affect research efficiency. In this study, we propose using a 1:1 (v:v) mix of 30% hydrogen peroxide and 99% sulfuric acid (“piranha solution’’) to completely remove cell debris and …matrix from culture inserts. BBB models with inserts regenerated using piranha solution have barrier properties comparable to those of fresh inserts. We show that piranha solution is an effective reagent and allows for the reuse of Transwell-type inserts for BBB modeling up to 5 times. Therefore, the use of this method greatly reduces the production of laboratory waste and benefits numerous laboratories worldwide. Show more

Keywords: Transwell, BBB, culture insert

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-240143

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 93-100, 2024

Authors: Khan, Nazia | Haque, Md Irfanul | Shenoy, Shailesh | Puthenkandathil, Rahul | Kale, Preeti

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Molecular dentistry, propelled by advancements in techniques such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), has emerged as a promising frontier in dental research and practice. PCR has revolutionized the field of dentistry by enabling precise and sensitive detection of various oral pathogens, genetic markers associated with dental diseases, and host response factors. Its ability to amplify specific DNA sequences from minimal starting material has facilitated rapid and accurate diagnosis of dental infections, periodontal diseases, and genetic predispositions to oral conditions. Moreover, PCR-based methods have enhanced our understanding of the oral microbiome composition and its relationship with overall health. This review article …aims to elucidate the transformative role of PCR in molecular dentistry by providing an overview of its applications, current developments, and future prospects. Show more

Keywords: Molecular dentistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), dental diagnostics, next-generation sequencing

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-240147

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 101-107, 2024