Cancer Biomarkers - Volume 15, issue 3

Authors: Tsaur, Igor | Hennenlotter, Joerg | Oppermann, Elsie | Munz, Marita | Kuehs, Ursula | Stenzl, Arnulf | Schilling, David

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Extent of pelvic lymph node (LN) dissemination is a critical prognostic feature for patients with prostate cancer (PCa) maintaining extended pelvic lymphadenectomy (LAD) as the gold standard for LN-staging. Unfortunately, conventional histopathological assessment may miss micrometastasis and recently presented immunocytochemical approach of the single cell analysis is still intricate. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively assess the potential of Prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) and prostate specific antigene (PSA) to perform as markers for tumor cell load. METHODS: Patients with high risk PCa for LN metastasis undergoing either a sentinel LN-guided staging LAD or retropubic radical …prostatectomy with sentinel-guided pelvic LN dissection were included. LNs were investigated by routine histopathology. Tumor cell load was quantified by %immunocytochemistry. immunocytochemical single cell analysis. Gene activity was determined by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Twenty four out of 226 LNs were positive in routine histopathology and 51 in single cell analysis. PSA mRNA level correlated with tumor cell density in patients with a positive immunocytochemistry. Gene activity of PCA3 was upregulated in metastatic LNs and correlated with tumor cell density in patients with tumor-invaded LNs as detected by immunocytochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: PCA3 gene expression discriminates LN metastasis and might outperform PSA gene activity in reflecting tumor cell burden in pelvic LNs of PCa patients. Show more

Keywords: Prostate cancer, lymph node metastases, molecular marker, tumor cell load, PSA, PCA3

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-150461

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 311-316, 2015

Authors: Kaynar, Mehmet | Yildirim, Mehmet Erol | Gul, Murat | Kilic, Ozcan | Ceylan, Kadir | Goktas, Serdar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study is to evaluate NLR and PLR inflammation markers in PCa and BPH. METHODS: Clinical and pathological data such as age, prostate volume, PSA, NLR, and PLR levels of 201 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Pathological sample results of these patients were categorized either as benign or malign. The benign group consisted of chronic prostatitis and BPH and the malign group of PCa. The PSA levels were divided into three categories as PSA: 0-4 ng/ml, PSA: 4-10 ng/ml, and 10 ng/ml and above. RESULTS: In the benign …category, the mean PLR values for PSA: 0-4 ng/ml is 131.8 ± 31.2, for PSA: 4-10 ng/ml 124.7 ± 83.9 and 10 ng/ml and above 124 ± 53 in chronic prostatitis group and in the BPH group for PSA: 4-10 ng/ml 120.3 ± 45.1, for PSA: 4-10 ng/ml 126 ± 54.2, and 10 ng/ml and above 191.4 ± 176.1. In the malign category, the mean PLR values of PCa patients is for PSA: 0-4 ng/ml 122.8 ± 43.8, for PSA: 4-10 ng/ml 123 ± 43.8, and above 10 ng/ml 179.1 ± 94. Related to the variables of age, NLR, and mean prostate volume, there were no statistically significant differences. Statistically significant differences were observed in the mean PLR values only if the PSA level was 10 ng/ml and above (p: 0.044) in the BPH and PCa groups. The correlation of the PCa Gleason score and PSA, NLR and PLR parameters in the malign category revealed no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Effective malign and benign differentiation of prostate pathologies based on noninvasive inflammation biomarkers such NLR and PLR necessitate clinical studies with larger patient series. Show more

Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, platelet to lymphocyte ratio

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-150458

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 317-323, 2015

Authors: Zhou, Jun | Xie, Ming | He, Hanjiang | Shi, Ying | Luo, Baihua | Gong, Guanghui | Li, Juanni | Wang, Junpu | Wu, Xiaoying | Wen, Jifang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Serous epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common variety of ovarian cancer and is currently diagnosed using serum CA-125 levels. HMGA1 a small 10.6-12 kDa protein, has been implicated as a potentially important tumor biomarker and may enter the urinary trace, thus potentially able to serve as a disease biomarker. OBJECTIVE: To determine if urine HMGA1 can be detected and potentially serve as a clinical diagnostic biomarkers. METHOD: Urine was collected from 20 healthy normal control patients, 20 patients with benign gynecological disease and 55 epithelial ovarian specimens of which 20 exhibited G1/2 …ovarian cancer and 35 G3 ovarian cancers. Serum was also collected from 20 healthy normal control patients and 55 serous epithelial ovarian cancers patients. HMGA1 levels were examined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and were reported independently and normalized to urine creatinine levels. Serum CA-125 levels were examined via enzyme assay and the data was analyzed via box and ROC analysis. RESULTS: Urine HMGA1 was significantly elevated in serous epithelial ovarian cancer specimen relative to healthy control specimens with G3 specimens exhibiting higher levels than G1-G2 specimens. ROC analysis revealed a high degree of sensitivity and specificity for urine HMGA1 detection in ovarian cancer, with a higher AUC value noted for urine HMGA1 than serum CA-125. Furthermore, urine HMGA1 and serum CA-125 combined AUC indicated that urine HMGA1 is an excellent diagnostic biomarker for serous epithelial ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION: Our data indicates that measuring urine HMGA1 may serve as a useful diagnostic tool. Show more

Keywords: HMGA1, urine, biomarker, epithelial ovarian cancer, noninvasive

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-150457

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 325-331, 2015

Authors: Choi, Sung Hyouk | Jang, Ki Seok | Chung, Min Sung

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) and Tuberculosis mastitis (TM) are rare inflammatory diseases of the breast that can clinically mimic malignancy causing misdiagnosis as breast cancer. We present a rare case of bilateral granulomatous mastitis with a different etiology. An initial lesion developed in the right breast was diagnosed as IGM, which was treated with antibiotics and surgery. A subsequent lesion developed in the contralateral breast 5 months later and was diagnosed as TM, which also completely responded to antituberculosis medication without surgical excision. Differential diagnosis was made using the results of the polymerase chain reaction for tuberculosis (TBC-PCR) of both …of the breast lesions in addition to typical pathologic findings of IGM in the right breast and an antituberculosis medication response in the left breast. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of bilateral granulomatous mastitis with a different etiology. Show more

Keywords: Granulomatous mastitis, tuberculosis mastitis, idiopathic granulomatous mastitis

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-140447

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 333-338, 2015