Affiliations: [a] Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece | [b] Harvard – MIT Biomedical Engineering Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA | [c] Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece | [d] Michailideion Cardiac Center, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Dimitrios I. Fotiadis, Department of Materials Science, University of Ioannina, University Campus of Ioannina, Ioannina GR 45110, Greece. Tel.: +30 265100 9006; Fax: +30 265100 8889; E-mail: fotiadis@cc.uoi.gr.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the incremental increase of clinical interest in the development of software that allows the 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and the functional assessment of the coronary vasculature, several software packages have been developed and are available today. OBJECTIVE: Taking this into consideration, we have developed an innovative suite of software modules that perform 3D reconstruction of coronary arterial segments using different coronary imaging modalities such as IntraVascular UltraSound (IVUS) and invasive coronary angiography images (ICA), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and ICA images, or plain ICA images and can safely and accurately assess the hemodynamic status of the artery of interest. METHODS: The user can perform automated or manual segmentation of the IVUS or OCT images, visualize in 3D the reconstructed vessel and export it to formats, which are compatible with other Computer Aided Design (CAD) software systems. We employ finite elements to provide the capability to assess the hemodynamic functionality of the reconstructed vessels by calculating the virtual functional assessment index (vFAI), an index that corresponds and has been shown to correlate well to the actual fractional flow reserve (FFR) value. RESULTS: All the modules of the proposed system have been thoroughly validated. In brief, the 3D-QCA module, compared to a successful commercial software of the same genre, presented very good correlation using several validation metrics, with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) for the calculated volumes, vFAI, length and minimum lumen diameter of 0.99, 0.99, 0.99 and 0.88, respectively. Moreover, the automatic lumen detection modules for IVUS and OCT presented very high accuracy compared to the annotations by medical experts with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient reaching the values of 0.94 and 0.99, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we have presented a user-friendly software for the 3D reconstruction of coronary arterial segments and the accurate hemodynamic assessment of the severity of existing stenosis.
