Global satellite communications technology and systems – An overview

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Mac Rae, Alfred U. | Pelton, Joseph N.

Affiliations: Mac Rae Technologies, 72 Sherbrook Drive, Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922, USA E‐mail: a.macrae@ieee.org | Institute for Applied Space Research, The George Washington University, 2033 K Street, NW, Suite 340, Washington, DC 20052, USA E‐mail: ecjpelton@aol.com

Abstract: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) commissioned a panel of scientists and engineers in 1997 to benchmark the global status of commercial communications satellite technology, markets and regulatory and policy issues. After visiting or interviewing over 60 manufacturing, R&D laboratory, service provider and government institutions in North and South America, Europe and Asia, the review panel concluded as follows: 7.3cm\begin{itemize} \item Many European and Asian governments are increasing their satellite communications R&D programs and supporting demonstrations and space marketing efforts, relative to the US. \item The US is currently the leader in new technology and its insertion into commercial satellite systems, but ambitious foreign efforts threaten this position. \item Global commercial satellite communications is a large and rapidly growing business. \item New technology is being inserted into satellites at an increasingly rapid pace with an increasing number of international participants. \item Aerospace communications companies, worldwide, are consolidating their efforts and are expanding into the end user service business. \item The ‘Direct‐to‐End User’ mass consumer satellite service industry has the potential to be quite large and is changing the way satellites are manufactured and deployed and is creating a potentially large satellite terminal industry. \item Satellite manufacturing is increasingly becoming a design, assembly and test operation with parts and sub‐systems obtained from global suppliers. \end{itemize} 7.3cm \begin{itemize} \item This increased use of satellites for communications services is creating a shortage of spectrum and orbital slots and is resulting in spectrum utilization conflicts with terrestrial wireless service providers. \item Future development of commercial satellite communications is dependent on the resolution of key regulatory, trade, spectrum, inter‐operability and standards issues and government leadership is vitally needed. \item There are opportunities for international cooperation to facilitate the development of satellites technologies, systems, standards and protocols. \end{itemize} There is concern that unless several issues are addressed, particularly an increase in long term oriented R&D and trade and regulatory issues, the US may experience a deterioration of its leading position in the manufacture of satellites for global service providers and the initiation of new services, much in the way that it lost its leading position in the launch of commercial satellites.

Keywords: European Space Agency (ESA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan, Communications Research Lab (CRL) of Japan, Communications Research Centre (CRC) of Canada, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), On‐board Processing, EIRP, Phased Array Antennas, Multi‐Beam Antennas, Optical Intersatellite Links (ISLs), Micro‐Terminals, VSAT, USAT, Launch vehicles, Spectrum, World Trade Organization, International Telecommunication Union, Internet, broadband services, high data rate satellites

Journal: Space Communications, vol. 16, no. 2-3, pp. 55-69, 2000