Affiliations: [a] Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| [b] Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| [c] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| [d] Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Correspondence:
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Correspondence to: Rwei-Ling Yu, PhD, Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan. Tel.: +886 6 2353535 5102; Fax: +886 6 209 5616; E-mail: lingyu@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
Abstract: Background:Hypomimia is a clinical feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Based on the embodied simulation theory, the impairment of facial mimicry may worsen facial emotion recognition; however, the empirical results are inconclusive. Objective:We aimed to explore the worsening of emotion recognition by hypomimia. We further explored the relationship between the hypomimia, emotion recognition, and social functioning. Methods:A total of 114 participants were recruited. The patients with PD and normal controls (NCs) were matched for demographic characteristics. All the participants completed the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Chinese Multi-modalities Emotion Recognition Test. In addition to the above tests, the patients were assessed with the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Parkinson’s Disease Social Functioning Scale (PDSFS). Results:Patients with PD with hypomimia had worse recognition of disgust than NCs (p = 0.018). The severity of hypomimia was predictive of the recognition of disgust (β= –0.275, p = 0.028). Facial emotion recognition was predictive of the PDSFS score of PD patients (β= 0.433, p = 0.001). We also found that recognizing disgust could mediate the relationship between hypomimia and the PDSFS score (β= 0.264, p = 0.045). Conclusion:Patients with hypomimia had the worst disgust facial recognition. Hypomimia may affect the social function of PD patients, which is related to recognizing the expression of disgust. Emotion recognition training may improve the social function of patients with PD.
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, hypomimia, embodied simulation theory, emotion recognition, social function
