Affiliations: [a] The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson’s Research, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| [b] Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| [c] Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| [d] Tensor Consulting Services, Toronto, ON, Canada
Correspondence:
[*]
Correspondence to: Connie Marras, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St. 7-McL, Toronto, ON, M5T2S8,
Canada. Tel.: +1 416 603 6422; Fax: +1 416 603 5004; E-mail: cmarras@uhnresearch.ca.
Abstract: Background:OFF periods impair quality of life in Parkinson’s disease but the nature and degree of this impact is largely unquantified. Optimal treatment relies on assessing the experience and impact of these periods on patients and their carepartners. Objectives:To understand the experience and impact of OFF periods on their lives. Methods:Informed by qualitative interviews we designed questionnaires and surveyed neurologists, people with Parkinson’s disease and carepartners. Results:50 general neurologists, 50 movement disorder neurologists, 442 patients (median disease duration 5 years) and 97 carepartners were included. The most common OFF symptoms reported by patients and carepartners were stiffness, slowness of movement and changes in gait. Non-motor symptoms were less common. A higher proportion of carepartners reported each symptom. A minority of neurologists recognized pain, sweating and anxiety as possible symptoms of OFF periods. The three OFF symptoms most frequently designated as having great impact by people with Parkinson’s disease were changes in gait, slowness and stiffness. In contrast, cognitive impairment was most frequently rated as having great impact on carepartners. OFF periods were reported to impact many aspects of the lives of both patients and carepartners. Conclusions:In people with Parkinson’s disease of under 10 years duration, motor symptoms of OFF periods predominate in impact, however cognitive impairment has great impact on carepartners. Education is needed for neurologists regarding the non-motor aspects of OFF. The importance of involving carepartners in the assessment regarding OFF periods is supported by the higher frequency of symptom reporting by carepartners, and the significant impact on their lives.
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, fluctuations, impact, ‘off’ periods
