Reduced Cancer Incidence in Huntington’s Disease: Analysis in the Registry Study

Article type: Research Article

Authors: McNulty, Paul^{a; 1} | Pilcher, Richard^{a; 1} | Ramesh, Raviram^{a; 1} | Necuiniate, Renata^a | Hughes, Alis^{c; d} | REGISTRY Investigators of the European Huntington's Disease Network | Farewell, Daniel^b | Holmans, Peter^c | Jones, Lesley^{c; *}

Collaborators: Bonelli, Raphael M.^{4; 6; *} | Hecht, Karen⁴ | Herranhof, Brigitte⁴ | Holl, Anna⁴ | Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter⁴ | Koppitz, Michael⁴ | Lilek, Sabine⁴ | Magnet, Markus⁴ | Müller, Nicole⁴ | Otti, Daniela⁴ | Painold, Annamaria⁴ | Reisinger, Karin⁴ | Scheibl, Monika⁴ | Schöggl, Helmut⁴ | Ullah, Jasmin⁴ | Braunwarth, Eva-Maria⁵ | Brugger, Florian⁵ | Buratti, Lisa⁵ | Hametner, Eva-Maria⁵ | Hepperger, Caroline⁵ | Holas, Christiane⁵ | Hotter, Anna⁵ | Hussl, Anna⁵ | Larcher, Barbara⁵ | Mahlknecht, Philipp⁵ | Müller, Christoph⁵ | Pinter, Bernadette⁵ | Poewe, Werner⁵ | Reiter, Eva-Magdalena⁵ | Seppi, Klaus⁵ | Sprenger, Fabienne⁵ | Wenning, Gregor⁵ | Ladurner, Gunther⁶ | Lilek, Stefan⁶ | Sinadinosa, Daniela⁶ | Staffen, Wolfgang⁶ | Walleczek, Anna Maria⁶ | Constant, Eric⁷ | Gillardin, Anne-Françoise⁷ | Léonard, Marie-Claude⁷ | Verellen-Dumoulin, Christine^{7; 8; *} | van de Wyngaerde, Françoise⁷ | Dupuis, Michel⁸ | Minet, Cécile⁸ | Ribaï, Pascale⁸ | Paemel, Dominique Van⁸ | Boogaerts, Andrea⁹ | Vandenberghe, Wim^{9; *} | Reijen, Dimphna van⁹ | Kaiserova, Michaela¹⁰ | Šenkárová, Zuzana¹⁰ | Klempíř, Jiří^{11; 142; *} | Majerová, Veronika¹¹ | Roth, Jan¹¹ | Hasselstrøm Madsen, Louise¹² | Møller, Anette Torvin¹² | Hjermind, Lena¹³ | Jacobsen, Oda¹³ | Lindquist, Suzanne¹³ | Nielsen, Jørgen^{13; *} | Regeur, Lisbeth¹³ | Stockholm, Jette¹³ | Larsen, Ida Unmack¹³ | Vangsted-Hansen, Christina¹³ | Vinther-Jensen, Tua¹³ | Lolk, Annette¹⁴ | Lundsgaard, Marianne¹⁴ | Wermuth, Lene¹⁴ | Andersson, Christian¹⁵ | Nyberg, Clara¹⁵ | Sundblom, Jimmy¹⁵ | Peippo, Maarit¹⁶ | Sipponen, Marjett¹⁶ | Hartikainen, Paivi¹⁷ | Ollokainen, Mari¹⁷ | Åman, Jaana¹⁸ | Ignatius, Jaakko¹⁸ | Kärppä, Mikko¹⁸ | Mustonen, Aki¹⁹ | Kajula, Outi¹⁹ | Jääskalainen, Outi¹⁹ | Moilanen, Jukka¹⁹ | Santala, Maire²⁰ | Eklund, Pia²¹ | Hiivola, Heli²¹ | Hyppönen, Hannele²¹ | Martikainen, Kirsti²¹ | Tuuha, Katri²¹ | Allain, Philippe²² | Bonneau, Dominique²² | Bost, Marie²² | Gohier, Bénédicte²² | Guérid, Marie-Anne²² | Olivier, Audrey²² | Prouzet, Julie²² | Prundean, Adriana²² | Scherer-Gagou, Clarisse²² | Verny, Christophe²² | Babiloni, Blandine²³ | Debruxelles, Sabrina²³ | Duché, Charlotte²³ | Goizet, Cyril²³ | Jameau, Laetitia²³ | Lafoucrière, Danielle²³ | Spampinato, Umberto²³ | Couttier, Julien²⁴ | Debilly, Bérengère²⁴ | Delaigue, Christine²⁴ | Durif, Franck²⁴ | Legendre, Perrine²⁴ | Loiseau, Sylvie²⁴ | Ulla, Miguel²⁴ | Vidal, Tiphaine²⁴ | Bachoud-Lévi, Anne-Catherine^{25; *} | Badei, Farideh²⁵ | Boissé, Marie-Françoise²⁵ | Boudali, Lotfi²⁵ | de Langavant, Laurent Cleret²⁵ | Lemoine, Laurie²⁵ | Morgado, Graca²⁵ | Youssov, Katia²⁵ | Annic, Agnès²⁶ | Barthélémy, Recka²⁶ | De Bruycker, Christelle²⁶ | Cabaret, Maryline²⁶ | Carette, Anne-Sophie²⁶ | Carrière, Nicolas²⁶ | Decorte, Eric²⁶ | Defebvre, Luc²⁶ | Delliaux, Marie²⁶ | Delval, Arnaud²⁶ | Depelchin, Alizé²⁶ | Destee, Alain²⁶ | Dewulf-Pasz, Nelly²⁶ | Dondaine, Thibaut²⁶ | Dugauquier, Florence²⁶ | Dujardin, Kathy²⁶ | Hopes, Lucie²⁶ | Krystkowiak, Pierre^{26; 27} | Lemaire, Marie-Hélène²⁶ | Manouvrier, Sylvie²⁶ | Mutez, Eugénie²⁶ | Peter, Mireille²⁶ | Plomhause, Lucie²⁶ | Sablonnière, Bernard²⁶ | Simonin, Clémence²⁶ | Tard, Céline²⁶ | Thibault-Tanchou, Stéphanie²⁶ | Vuillaume, Isabelle²⁶ | Bellonet, Marcellin²⁷ | Benoit, Alexandra²⁷ | Berrisoul, Hassan²⁷ | Blin, Stéphanie²⁷ | Courtin, Françoise²⁷ | Duru, Cécile²⁷ | Fasquel, Véronique²⁷ | Flament, Mélanie²⁷ | Godefroy, Olivier²⁷ | Mantaux, Béatrice²⁷ | Playe, Alicia²⁷ | Roussel, Martine²⁷ | Tir, Mélissa²⁷ | Schüler, Béatrice²⁷ | Wannepain, Sandrine²⁷ | Azulay, Jean-Philippe²⁸ | Chabot, Christelle²⁸ | Delfini, Marie²⁸ | Eusebio, Alexandre²⁸ | Fluchere, Frédérique²⁸ | Grosjean, Hélène²⁸ | Mundler, Laura²⁸ | Nowak, Marielle²⁸ | Raseta, Rolland²⁸ | Benaich, Sandra²⁹ | Brice, Alexis²⁹ | Charles, Perrine²⁹ | Durr, Alexandra²⁹ | Ewenczyk, Claire²⁹ | Francisque, Hélène²⁹ | Jauffret, Céline²⁹ | Justo, Damian²⁹ | Kassar, Abdulrahman²⁹ | Klebe, Stephan²⁹ | Lesne, Fabien²⁹ | Milani, Paolo²⁹ | Monin, Marie-Lorraine²⁹ | Roze, Emmanuel²⁹ | Tataru, Alina²⁹ | Tchikviladzé, Maya²⁹ | Bioux, Sandrine³⁰ | Bliaux, Evangeline³⁰ | Girard, Carole³⁰ | Guyant-Maréchal, Lucie³⁰ | Hannequin, Didier³⁰ | Hannier, Véronique³⁰ | Jourdain, Séverine³⁰ | Maltête, David³⁰ | Pouliquen, Dorothée³⁰ | Lagha-Boukbiza, Ouhaid³¹ | Longato, Nadine³¹ | Marcel, Christophe³¹ | Phillipps, Clélie³¹ | Rudolf, Gabrielle³¹ | Steinmetz, Gisèle³¹ | Tranchant, Christine³¹ | Wagner, Caroline³¹ | Zimmermann, Marie-Agathe³¹ | Blondeau, Leily³² | Calvas, Fabienne³² | Cheriet, Samia³² | Delabaere, Helène³² | Demonet, Jean-François³² | Pariente, Jérémie³² | Pierre, Michèle³² | Rolland, Sandrine³² | Kosinski, Christoph Michael³³ | Milkereit, Eva³³ | Probst, Daniela³³ | Reetz, Kathrin³³ | Sass, Christian³³ | Schiefer, Johannes³³ | Schlangen, Christiane³³ | Werner, Cornelius J.³³ | Beuth, Markus³⁴ | Gelderblom, Harald³⁴ | Priller, Josef³⁴ | Prüß, Harald³⁴ | Spruth, Eike³⁴ | Thiel, Silvia³⁴ | Andrich, Jürgen³⁵ | Ellrichmann, Gisa³⁵ | Herrmann, Lennard³⁵ | Hoffmann, Rainer³⁵ | Kaminski, Barbara³⁵ | Kraus, Peter³⁵ | Saft, Carsten^{35; *} | Stamm, Christiane³⁵ | Lange, Herwig^{36; 45} | Maiwald, Robert³⁶ | Bosredon, Cecile³⁷ | Hunger, Ulrike³⁷ | Löhle, Matthias³⁷ | Maass, Antonia³⁷ | Ossig, Christiana³⁷ | Schmidt, Simone³⁷ | Storch, Alexander³⁷ | Wolz, Annett³⁷ | Wolz, Martin³⁷ | Kohl, Zacharias³⁸ | Kozay, Christina³⁸ | Ullah, Jasmin³⁸ | Winkler, Jürgen³⁸ | Bergmann, Ulrike³⁹ | Böringer, Regina³⁹ | Capetian, Philipp³⁹ | Kammel, Gerit³⁹ | Lambeck, Johann³⁹ | Mächtel, Miriam³⁹ | Meier, Simone³⁹ | Rijntjes, Michel³⁹ | Zucker, Birgit³⁹ | Boelmans, Kai⁴⁰ | Ganos, Christos⁴⁰ | Goerendt, Ines⁴⁰ | Heinicke, Walburgis⁴⁰ | Hidding, Ute⁴⁰ | Lewerenz, Jan^{40; 47} | Münchau, Alexander⁴⁰ | Orth, Michael^{40; 47} | Schmalfeld, Jenny⁴⁰ | Stubbe, Lars⁴⁰ | Zittel, Simone⁴⁰ | Diercks, Gabriele⁴¹ | Dressler, Dirk⁴¹ | Francis, Flverly⁴¹ | Gayde-Stephan, Sabine⁴¹ | Gorzolla, Heike⁴¹ | Kramer, Bianca⁴¹ | Minschke, Rebecca⁴¹ | Schrader, Christoph⁴¹ | Tacik, Pawel⁴¹ | Ribbat+, Michael⁴² | Longinus, Bernhard⁴³ | Lüsebrink, Antje⁴⁴ | Mühlau, Mark⁴⁴ | Peinemann, Alexander⁴⁴ | Städtler, Michael⁴⁴ | Weindl, Adolf⁴⁴ | Winkelmann, Juliane⁴⁴ | Ziegler, Cornelia⁴⁴ | Bechtel, Natalie⁴⁵ | Beckmann, Heike⁴⁵ | Bohlen, Stefan⁴⁵ | Göpfert, Nicole⁴⁵ | Hölzner, Eva⁴⁵ | Reilmann, Ralf⁴⁵ | Rohm, Stefanie⁴⁵ | Rumpf, Silke⁴⁵ | Sass, Christian⁴⁵ | Schepers, Sigrun⁴⁵ | Weber, Nathalia⁴⁵ | Bachmeier, Michael⁴⁶ | Dose, Matthias⁴⁶ | Hofstetter, Nina⁴⁶ | Marquard, Ralf⁴⁶ | Mühlbäck, Alzbeta⁴⁶ | Barth, Katrin^{47; 138; **} | Buck, Andrea⁴⁷ | Connemann, Julia⁴⁷ | Ecker, Daniel^{47; 138; **} | Geitner, Carolin⁴⁷ | Held, Christine^{47; 138; **} | Kesse, Andrea⁴⁷ | Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard^{47; *} | Lezius, Franziska⁴⁷ | Nepper, Solveig⁴⁷ | Niess, Anke⁴⁷ | Schneider, Ariane⁴⁷ | Schwenk, Daniela⁴⁷ | Süssmuth, Sigurd⁴⁷ | Trautmann, Sonja⁴⁷ | Vogel, Melanie⁴⁷ | Weydt, Patrick⁴⁷ | Klebe, Stephan⁴⁸ | Musacchio, Thomas⁴⁸ | Leypold, Christine⁴⁸ | Nöth, Kerstin⁴⁸ | Cormio, Claudia⁴⁹ | Difruscolo, Olimpia⁴⁹ | Franco, Giovanni⁴⁹ | Sciruicchio, Vittorio⁴⁹ | Serpino, Claudia⁴⁹ | Tommaso, Marina de⁴⁹ | Calandra-Buonaura, Giovanna⁵⁰ | Capellari, Sabina⁵⁰ | Cortelli, Pietro⁵⁰ | Gallassi, Roberto⁵⁰ | Poda, Roberto⁵⁰ | Scaglione, Cesa⁵⁰ | Bertini, Elisabetta⁵¹ | Ghelli, Elena⁵¹ | Ginestroni, Andrea⁵¹ | Mechi, Claudia⁵¹ | Paganini, Marco⁵¹ | Piacentini, Silvia⁵¹ | Pradella, Silvia⁵¹ | Romoli, Anna Maria⁵¹ | Sorbi, Sandro⁵¹ | Abbruzzese, Giovanni⁵² | Bandettini di Poggio, Monica⁵² | Ferrandes, Giovanna⁵² | Mandich, Paola⁵² | Marchese, Roberta⁵² | Di Maria, Emilio⁵² | Albanese, Alberto⁵³ | Castagliuolo, Simona⁵³ | Castaldo, Anna⁵³ | Di Donato, Stefano⁵³ | Di Bella, Daniela⁵³ | Gellera, Cinzia⁵³ | Genitrini, Silvia⁵³ | Mariotti, Caterina⁵³ | Monza, Daniela^{53; 138; **} | Nanetti, Lorenzo⁵³ | Panzeri, Marta⁵³ | Paridi, Dominga⁵³ | Soliveri, Paola⁵³ | Spagnolo, Francesca⁵³ | Taroni, Franco⁵³ | Tomasello, Chiara⁵³ | Michele, Giuseppe De⁵⁴ | Di Maio, Luigi⁵⁴ | Rinaldi, Carlo⁵⁴ | Massarelli, Marco⁵⁴ | Peluso, Silvio⁵⁴ | Roca, Alessandro⁵⁴ | Russo, Cinzia Valeria⁵⁴ | Salvatore, Elena⁵⁴ | Sorrentino, Pierpaolo⁵⁴ | Tucci, Tecla⁵⁴ | Cannella, Milena⁵⁵ | Codella, Valentina⁵⁵ | De Gregorio, Francesca⁵⁵ | De Nicola, Annunziata⁵⁵ | Elifani, Francesca⁵⁵ | Martino, Tiziana⁵⁵ | Mazzante, Irene⁵⁵ | Petrollini, Martina⁵⁵ | Simonelli, Maria⁵⁵ | Vezza, Maurizio⁵⁵ | Squitieri, Ferdinando¹⁴⁶ | Lovo, Francesca¹⁴⁷ | Bentivoglio, Anna Rita^{56; *} | Bove, Francesco⁵⁶ | Catalli, Claudio⁵⁶ | Di Giacopo, Raffaella⁵⁶ | Fasano, Alfonso⁵⁶ | Frontali, Marina^{56; 57} | Guidubaldi, Arianna⁵⁶ | Ialongo, Tamara⁵⁶ | Jacopini, Gioia^{56; 57} | Loria, Giovanna⁵⁶ | Modoni, Anna⁵⁶ | Petracca, Martina⁵⁶ | Piano, Carla⁵⁶ | Piccininni, Chiara⁵⁶ | Quaranta, Davide⁵⁶ | Romano, Silvia⁵⁶ | Soleti, Francesco⁵⁶ | Solito, Marcella⁵⁶ | Spadaro, Maria⁵⁶ | Torlizzi, Flavia⁵⁶ | Zinzi, Paola^{56; 57; 138; **} | Coarelli, Giulia⁵⁷ | Ferraldeschi, Michela⁵⁷ | Ristori, Giovanni⁵⁷ | Romano, Silvia⁵⁷ | van Hout, Monique S.E.⁵⁸ | van Vugt, Jeroen P.P.⁵⁸ | de Weert, A. Marit⁵⁸ | Verhoeven, Marloes⁵⁸ | Dekker, Meike⁵⁹ | Leenders, Nico⁵⁹ | Oostrom, Joost van⁵⁹ | Klooster, Jesper⁵⁹ | Kremer, Berry^{59; 62} | Baake, Verena^{60; 138; **} | van den Bogaard, Simon J. A.⁶⁰ | Bos, Reineke^{60; 138; **} | Dumas, Eve M.⁶⁰ | ‘t Hart, Ellen P.⁶⁰ | Kampstra, Anne⁶⁰ | Roos, Raymund A.C.^{60; *} | Schoonderbeek, Anne⁶⁰ | Duits, Annelien⁶¹ | Oosterloo, Mayke⁶¹ | Waber, Mirella⁶¹ | Verstappen, Carla⁶² | Blinkenberg, Ellen Økland⁶³ | Hauge, Erik⁶³ | Tyvoll, Hilde⁶³ | Aaserud, Olaf⁶⁴ | Bjørgo, Kathrine⁶⁴ | Borgeød, Nancy⁶⁴ | Dramstad, Elisabeth⁶⁴ | Fannemel, Madeleine⁶⁴ | Frich, Jan C.^{64; *} | Gørvell, Per F.⁶⁴ | Heiberg, Arvid^{64; *} | Retterstøl, Lars⁶⁴ | Røsby, Oddveig⁶⁴ | Sikiric, Alma⁶⁴ | Stokke, Bodil⁶⁴ | Walsem, Marleen van^{64; 138; **} | Wehus, Ragnhild⁶⁴ | Bjørnevoll, Inga⁶⁵ | Sando, Sigrid Botne⁶⁵ | Haug, Marte Gjøl⁶⁵ | Størseth, Hanna Haugan⁶⁵ | Arntsen, Vibeke⁶⁵ | Dziadkiewicz, Artur⁶⁶ | Nowak, Malgorzata⁶⁶ | Robowski, Piotr⁶⁶ | Sitek, Emilia⁶⁶ | Slawek, Jaroslaw⁶⁶ | Soltan, Witold⁶⁶ | Szinwelski, Michal⁶⁶ | Arkuszewski, Michał⁶⁷ | Błaszczyk, Magdalena⁶⁷ | Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena⁶⁷ | Ciach-Wysocka, Ewelina⁶⁷ | Gorzkowska, Agnieszka⁶⁷ | Jasińska-Myga, Barbara⁶⁷ | Kaczmarczyk, Aleksandra⁶⁷ | Kłodowska – Duda, Gabriela ⁶⁷ | Opala, Grzegorz⁶⁷ | Stompel, Daniel⁶⁷ | Banaszkiewicz, Krzysztof⁶⁸ | Boćwińska, Dorota⁶⁸ | Bojakowska-Jaremek, Kamila⁶⁸ | Dec, Małgorzata⁶⁸ | Grabska, Natalia⁶⁸ | Krawczyk, Malgorzata⁶⁸ | Kubowicz, Ewelina⁶⁸ | Malec-Litwinowicz, Michalina⁶⁸ | Rudzińska, Monika⁶⁸ | Stenwak, Agata⁶⁸ | Szczudlik, Andrzej⁶⁸ | Szczygieł, Elżbieta⁶⁸ | Wójcik, Magdalena⁶⁸ | Wasielewska, Anna⁶⁸ | Anioła, Jacek⁶⁹ | Bryl, Anna⁶⁹ | Ciesielska, Anna⁶⁹ | Klimberg, Aneta⁶⁹ | Marcinkowski, Jerzy⁶⁹ | Samara, Husam⁶⁹ | Sempołowicz, Justyna⁶⁹ | Wiśniewski, Bartłomiej⁶⁹ | Zielonka, Daniel^{69; 138; **} | Gogol, Anna⁷⁰ | Janik, Piotr⁷⁰ | Jamrozik, Zygmunt⁷⁰ | Kaminska, Anna⁷⁰ | Kwiecinski+, Hubert⁷⁰ | Antczak, Jakub⁷¹ | Jachinska, Katarzyna⁷¹ | Krysa, Wioletta⁷¹ | Rakowicz, Maryla⁷¹ | Richter, Przemyslaw⁷¹ | Rola, Rafal⁷¹ | Ryglewicz, Danuta⁷¹ | Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Halina⁷¹ | Stępniak, Iwona⁷¹ | Sułek, Anna⁷¹ | Witkowski, Grzegorz^{71; 138; **} | Zaremba, Jacek^{71; *} | Zdzienicka, Elzbieta⁷¹ | Ziora-Jakutowicz, Karolina⁷¹ | Januário, Cristina⁷² | Júlio, Filipa⁷² | Almeida, Manuel⁷³ | Calado, Ana⁷³ | Dias, Margarida⁷³ | Morgado, Joana⁷³ | Semedo, Cristina⁷³ | Guedes, Leonor Correia^{74; 138; **} | Coelho, Miguel⁷⁴ | Ferreira, Joaquim J^{74; *} | Mestre, Tiago^{74; 138; **} | Mendes, Tiago^{74; 75} | Valadas, Anabela⁷⁴ | Costa, Cristina⁷⁵ | Cardoso, Helena⁷⁵ | Andrade, Carlos⁷⁶ | Costa, Andreia⁷⁶ | Garrett, Carolina⁷⁶ | Gago, Miguel⁷⁶ | Guimarães, Joana⁷⁶ | Massano, João⁷⁶ | Meireles, Joana⁷⁶ | Monteiro, Ana⁷⁶ | Herrera, Carmen Durán⁷⁷ | Moreno, Patrocinio Garcia⁷⁷ | Bas, Jordi⁷⁸ | Busquets, Núria⁷⁸ | Calopa, Matilde⁷⁸ | Classen, Serge Jaumá⁷⁸ | Dedichá, Nadia Rodríguez⁷⁸ | Teresa Buongiorno, María⁷⁹ | de la Cerda Santa María, Andrés⁷⁹ | Muñoz, Esteban⁷⁹ | Santacruz, Pilar⁷⁹ | Barbera, Miquel Aguilar⁸⁰ | Sebastián, Ana Rojo^{80; *} | Pardo, Sonia Arribas⁸⁰ | Guia, Dolors Badenes⁸⁰ | Calzado, Noemi⁸⁰ | Hernanz, Laura Casas⁸⁰ | Tartari Díaz-Zorita, Juan Pablo⁸⁰ | Catena, Judit López⁸⁰ | Ferrer, Pilar Quiléz⁸⁰ | Carruesco, Gemma Tome⁸⁰ | Robert, Misericordia Floriach⁸¹ | Viladrich, Cèlia Mareca⁸¹ | Roca, Elvira⁸¹ | Ruiz Idiago, Jesús Miguel⁸¹ | Riballo, Antonio Villa⁸¹ | Campolongo, Antonia⁸² | de Bobadilla, Ramon Fernandez⁸² | Bojarsky, Jaime Kulisevsky⁸² | Martinez-Horta, Saul^{82; 138; **} | Pagonabarraga, Javier⁸² | Perez, Jesus Perez⁸² | Ribosa, Roser⁸² | Villa, Carolina⁸² | Angeles, Maria⁸³ | Gil, Acera⁸³ | Corrales, Koldo Berganzo⁸³ | Gomez Esteban, Juan Carlos⁸³ | González, Amaia⁸³ | Merino, Beatriz Tijero⁸³ | Cubo, Esther⁸⁴ | Polo, Cecilia Gil⁸⁴ | Mariscal, Natividad⁸⁴ | Romero, Sandra Gutierrez⁸⁵ | Matías Arbelo, José⁸⁵ | de Molina, Rocío Malo⁸⁵ | Martín, Idaira⁸⁵ | Periañez, Juan Manuel⁸⁵ | Udaeta, Beatriz⁸⁵ | Alonso-Frech, Fernando⁸⁶ | del Valle Loarte, María⁸⁶ | Barrero, Francisco⁸⁷ | Morales, Blas⁸⁷ | Frades, Belén⁸⁸ | Villanueva, Marina Ávila⁸⁸ | Zea Sevilla, Maria Ascension⁸⁸ | Frech, Fernando Alonso⁸⁹ | del Mar Fenollar, María⁸⁹ | García-Ramos García, Rocío⁸⁹ | Villanueva, Clara⁸⁹ | Bascuñana Garde, Mónica^{90; 138; **} | Ventura, Marta Fatás⁹⁰ | Caldentey, Juan García^{90; 91; 94} | García Ribas, Guillermo⁹⁰ | de Yébenes, Justo García⁹⁰ | López–Sendón Moreno, José Luis⁹⁰ | Mañanes Barral, Verónica⁹⁰ | Cubillo, Patricia Trigo^{90; 138; **} | García Ruíz, Pedro José⁹¹ | García, Ana⁹¹ | López, Rosa Guerrero⁹¹ | Bárcenas, Antonio Herranz⁹¹ | Martínez-Descals, Asunción^{91; 138; **} | Martin, Veronica Puertas⁹¹ | Martínez, Noelia Rodríguez⁹¹ | Sainz Artiga, María José⁹¹ | Sánchez, Vicenta⁹¹ | Martínez Pueyo, Angel⁹¹ | Dolores Alarcón, Moreau María⁹² | Antúnez Almagro, Carmen⁹² | Diéguez, Esther⁹² | Fortuna, Lorenza⁹² | Manzanares, Salvadora⁹² | Muñoz, Juan Marín⁹² | Antequera Torres, María Martirio⁹² | Perea, Fuensanta Noguera⁹² | Vivancos, Laura⁹² | González, Sonia⁹³ | Guisasola, Luis Menéndez⁹³ | Prieto, Marta Para⁹³ | Ribacoba, René⁹³ | Salvador, Carlos⁹³ | Lozano, Pablo Sánchez⁹³ | Ramirez, Inés Legarda⁹⁴ | Arques, Penelope Navas⁹⁴ | Lopera, Monica Rodriguez⁹⁴ | Pastor, Barbara Vives⁹⁴ | Gaston, Itziar⁹⁵ | Garcia-Amigot, Fermin⁹⁵ | Martinez-Jaurrieta, Maria Dolores⁹⁵ | Ramos-Arroyo, Maria Antonia^{95; *} | Carrillo, Fátima⁹⁶ | Cáceres Redondo, María Teresa⁹⁶ | Mir, Pablo⁹⁶ | González, Laura Vargas⁹⁶ | Damas Hermoso, Fátima⁹⁷ | García Moreno, José Manuel⁹⁷ | Lucena, Carolina Mendez⁹⁷ | Pacheco Cortegana, Eva María⁹⁷ | Chacón Peña, José⁹⁷ | Redondo, Luis⁹⁷ | Sánchez, Violeta Sánchez⁹⁷ | Fernandez, Cristina Melgar⁹⁸ | Romero Lemos, María Dolores⁹⁸ | Mata, Maite Paredes⁹⁸ | Villagrán Casado, Rocío⁹⁸ | Bosca, Maria⁹⁹ | Burguera, Juan Andres⁹⁹ | Brugada, Francisco Castera⁹⁹ | Vilaplana, Carmen Peiró⁹⁹ | Solís, Pilar⁹⁹ | Jeweinat Figuerola, Begoña⁹⁹ | Palanca, Paloma Millan⁹⁹ | Wahlström+, Jan^{100; *} | Høsterey-Ugander, Ulrika¹⁰⁰ | Fredlund, Gunnel¹⁰⁰ | Constantinescu, Radu¹⁰⁰ | Neleborn-Lingefjärd, Liselotte¹⁰⁰ | Berglund, Maria¹⁰⁰ | Berglund, Peter¹⁰⁰ | Linnsand, Petra¹⁰⁰ | Björnsson, Elisabeth¹⁰¹ | Paucar, Martin¹⁰¹ | Pålhagen, Sven^{101; *} | Svenningsson, Per¹⁰¹ | Wallden, Tina¹⁰¹ | Loutfi, Ghada¹⁰² | Olofsson, Carina¹⁰² | Stattin, Eva-Lena¹⁰² | Westman, Laila¹⁰² | Wikström, Birgitta¹⁰² | Ekwall, Camilla¹⁰³ | Göller, Marie-Lousie¹⁰³ | Sundblom, Jimmy¹⁰³ | Burgunder, Jean-Marc^{104; *} | Stebler, Yanik¹⁰⁴ | Kaelin, Alain¹⁰⁴ | Romero, Irene¹⁰⁴ | Schüpbach, Michael¹⁰⁴ | Zaugg, Sabine Weber¹⁰⁴ | Esposito, Federica¹⁰⁵ | Good, Jean-Marc¹⁰⁵ | Paus, Karin¹⁰⁵ | Vingerhoets, Francois¹⁰⁵ | Wider+, Christian¹⁰⁵ | Jung, Hans H.¹⁰⁶ | Petersen, Jens A.¹⁰⁶ | Ligon-Auer, Maria¹⁰⁶ | Mihaylova, Violeta¹⁰⁶ | Downie, Lorna¹⁰⁷ | Jack, Roisin¹⁰⁷ | Matheson, Kirsty¹⁰⁷ | Miedzybrodzka, Zosia¹⁰⁷ | Rae, Daniela¹⁰⁷ | Simpson, Sheila A¹⁰⁷ | Summers, Fiona¹⁰⁷ | Ure, Alexandra¹⁰⁷ | Vaughan, Vivien¹⁰⁷ | Harrower, Timothy¹¹⁵ | Vernon, Nathan¹⁰⁸ | Akhtar, Shahbana¹⁰⁹ | Crooks, Jenny¹⁰⁹ | Curtis, Adrienne¹⁰⁹ | de Souza, Jenny¹⁰⁹ | Rickards, Hugh¹⁰⁹ | Wright, Jan¹⁰⁹ | Coulthard, Elizabeth¹¹⁰ | Hayward, Beverley¹¹⁰ | Sieradzan, Kasia¹¹⁰ | Wright, Abigail^{110; 138; **} | Barker, Roger A.¹¹¹ | O’Keefe, Deidre¹¹¹ | Gerrtiz, Anna¹¹¹ | Fisher, Kate¹¹¹ | Goodman, Anna¹¹¹ | Hill, Susan¹¹¹ | Mason, Sarah¹¹¹ | Swain, Rachel¹¹¹ | Guzman, Natalie Valle¹¹¹ | Busse, Monica¹¹² | Butcher, Cynthia¹¹² | Dunnett, Stephen^{112; *} | Clenaghan, Catherine¹¹² | Fullam, Ruth^{112; 127; 138; **} | Hunt, Sarah¹¹² | Jones, Una¹¹² | Khalil, Hanan¹¹² | Minster, Sara^{112; 138; **} | Owen, Michael¹¹² | Price, Kathleen¹¹² | Townhill, Jenny^{112; 138; **} | Rosser, Anne¹¹² | Goudie, David¹¹³ | Buchanan, Lindsay¹¹³ | McFadyen, Paula¹¹³ | Tonner, Alison¹¹³ | Taylor, Anne-Marie¹¹³ | Edwards, Maureen¹¹⁴ | Ho, Carrie¹¹⁴ | McGill, Marie¹¹⁴ | Porteous, Mary¹¹⁴ | Pearson, Pauline¹¹⁴ | Irvine, Sarah¹¹⁵ | Brockie, Peter¹¹⁶ | Foster, Jillian¹¹⁶ | Johns, Nicola¹¹⁶ | McKenzie, Sue¹¹⁶ | Rothery, Jean¹¹⁶ | Thomas, Gareth¹¹⁶ | Yates, Shona¹¹⁶ | Deith, Catherine¹¹⁷ | Ireland, Jane¹¹⁷ | Ritchie, Stuart¹¹⁷ | Burrows, Liz¹¹⁸ | Fletcher, Amy¹¹⁸ | Harding, Alison¹¹⁸ | Laver, Fiona¹¹⁸ | Silva, Mark¹¹⁸ | Thomson, Aileen¹¹⁸ | Chu, Carol¹¹⁹ | Evans, Carole¹¹⁹ | Gallentree, Deena^{119; 121} | Hamer, Stephanie^{119; 121} | Kraus, Alison^{119; 121} | Markova, Ivana¹¹⁹ | Raman, Ashok¹¹⁹ | Andrew, Alyson¹²⁰ | Frost, Julie¹²⁰ | Noad, Rupert¹²⁰ | Hobson, Emma¹²¹ | Jamieson, Stuart¹²¹ | Longthorpe, Mandy¹²¹ | Markova, Ivana¹²¹ | Musgrave, Hannah¹²¹ | Peacy, Caroline¹²¹ | Raman, Ashok¹²¹ | Rowett, Liz¹²¹ | Toscano, Jean¹²¹ | Wild, Sue¹²¹ | Yardumian, Pam¹²¹ | Clayton, Carole¹²² | Dipple, Heather¹²² | Freire-Patino, Dawn¹²² | Hallam, Caroline¹²² | Middleton, Julia¹²² | Alusi, Sundus¹²³ | Davies, Rhys¹²³ | Foy, Kevin¹²³ | Gerrans, Emily¹²³ | Pate, Louise¹²³ | Anjum, Uruj¹²⁴ | Coebergh, Jan¹²⁴ | Eddy, Charlotte¹²⁴ | Lahiri, Nayana^{124; 126} | McEntagart, Meriel¹²⁴ | Patton, Michael¹²⁴ | Peterson, Maria¹²⁴ | Rose, Sarah¹²⁴ | Andrews, Thomasin^{125; 126} | Dougherty, Andrew¹²⁵ | Golding, Charlotte¹²⁵ | Kavalier, Fred¹²⁵ | Laing, Hana¹²⁵ | Lashwood, Alison¹²⁵ | Robertson, Dene¹²⁵ | Ruddy, Deborah¹²⁵ | Santhouse, Alastair¹²⁵ | Whaite, Anna¹²⁵ | Bruno, Stefania¹²⁶ | Chu, Elvina^{126; 129} | Doherty, Karen¹²⁶ | Golding, Charlotte¹²⁶ | Haider, Salman¹²⁶ | Hensman, Davina¹²⁶ | Lewis, Monica¹²⁶ | Novak, Marianne¹²⁶ | Patel, Aakta¹²⁶ | Robertson, Nicola¹²⁶ | Rosser, Elisabeth¹²⁶ | Tabrizi, Sarah^{126; *} | Taylor, Rachel¹²⁶ | Warner, Thomas¹²⁶ | Wild, Edward¹²⁶ | Arran, Natalie¹²⁷ | Bek, Judith¹²⁷ | Callaghan, Jenny^{127; 138; **} | Craufurd, David¹²⁷ | Fullam, Ruth¹²⁷ | Hare, Marianne¹²⁷ | Howard, Liz¹²⁷ | Huson, Susan¹²⁷ | Johnson, Liz¹²⁷ | Jones, Mary¹²⁷ | Krishnamoorthy, Ashok¹²⁷ | Murphy, Helen¹²⁷ | Oughton, Emma¹²⁷ | Partington-Jones, Lucy¹²⁷ | Rogers, Dawn¹²⁷ | Sollom, Andrea¹²⁷ | Snowden, Julie¹²⁷ | Stopford, Cheryl¹²⁷ | Thompson, Jennifer¹²⁷ | Trender-Gerhard, Iris¹²⁷ | Verstraelen, Nicola^{127; 133} | Westmoreland, Leann¹²⁷ | Cass, Ginette¹²⁸ | Davidson, Lynn¹²⁸ | Davison, Jill¹²⁸ | Komati, Suresh¹²⁸ | McDonnell, Sharon¹²⁸ | Mohammed, Zeid¹²⁸ | Morgan, Karen¹²⁸ | Savage, Lois¹²⁸ | Singh, Baldev¹²⁸ | Wood, Josh¹²⁸ | Knight, Caroline¹²⁹ | O’Neill, Mari¹²⁹ | Purkayastha, Debasish Das¹²⁹ | Nemeth, Andrea H¹³⁰ | Siuda, Gill¹³⁰ | Valentine, Ruth¹³⁰ | Armstrong, Richard¹³⁰ | Harrison, David¹³¹ | Hughes, Max¹³¹ | Large, Sandra¹³¹ | Donovan, John O¹³¹ | Palmer, Amy¹³¹ | Parkinson, Andrew¹³¹ | Soltysiak, Beverley¹³¹ | Timings, Leanne¹³¹ | Williams, Josh¹³¹ | Burn, John¹³² | Weekes, Rebecca¹³² | Craven, Janet¹³² | Bailey, Wendy¹³² | Coleman, Caroline¹³² | Haig-Brown, Diane¹³² | Simpson, Steve¹³² | Hare, Marianne¹³³ | Majeed, Tahir¹³³ | Bandmann, Oliver¹³⁴ | Bradbury, Alyson¹³⁴ | Fairtlough, Helen¹³⁴ | Fillingham, Kay¹³⁴ | Foustanos, Isabella¹³⁴ | Gill, Paul¹³⁴ | Kazoka, Mbombe¹³⁴ | O’Donovan, Kirsty¹³⁴ | Nevitt, Louise¹³⁴ | Peppa, Nadia^{134; 138; **} | Quarrell, Oliver^{134; *} | Taylor, Cat^{134; 138; **} | Tidswell, Katherine¹³⁴ | O’Donovan, Kirsty¹³⁴ | Agarwal, Veena¹³⁵ | Anderson, Mary¹³⁵ | Gunner, Kerry¹³⁵ | Harris, Kayla¹³⁵ | Hayward, Elaine¹³⁵ | Heywood, Melanie¹³⁵ | Keys, Liane¹³⁵ | MacKinnon, Lesley¹³⁵ | Kipps, Christopher¹³⁵ | Smalley, Sarah¹³⁵ | Bethwaite, Pamela¹³⁶ | Edwards, Rachel¹³⁶ | Fuller, Kathleen¹³⁶ | Gowers, Lesley¹³⁶ | Phillips, Michelle¹³⁶ | Powell, Kingsley¹³⁶ | Biunno, Ida^{137; *} | Bronzova, Juliana^{138; *} | Giuliano, Joe^{139; *} | Handley, Olivia J.^{138; *; **} | Illarioshkin, Sergey^{140; *} | Illmann, Torsten^{141; *} | Levey, Jamie^{138; *} | McLean, Tim^{138; *} | Koivisto, Susana Pro^{138; 143; *; **} | Päivärinta, Markku^{144; *} | Uhrova, Tereza^{145; *} | Betz, Sabrina^{138; **} | Come, Adrien^{138; **} | Capodarca, Selene^{138; **} | Charpentier, Sébastien^{138; **} | da Silva, Wildson Vieira^{138; **} | Di Renzo, Martina^{138; **} | Finisterra, Ana Maria^{138; **} | Genoves, Camille^{138; **} | Gilling, Mette^{138; **} | Hvalstedt, Carina^{138; **} | Koppers, Kerstin^{138; **} | Lamanna, Claudia^{138; **} | Laurá, Matilde^{138; **} | Münkel, Kristina^{138; **} | Mütze, Lisanne^{138; **} | Oehmen, Martin^{138; **} | Padieu, Helene^{138; **} | Paterski, Laurent^{138; **} | Rindal, Beate^{138; **} | Røren, Niini^{138; **} | Šašinková, Pavla^{138; **} | Seliverstov, Yury^{138; **} | Timewell, Erika^{138; **} | Witjes-Ané, Marie-Noelle^{138; **} | Yudina, Elizaveta^{138; **} | Zielonka, Eugeniusz^{138; **}

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Lesley Jones, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK. Tel.: +44 0 2920 688469; E-mail: JoneslL1@cf.ac.uk.

Note: [1 ] These authors contributed equally to this report.We dedicate this paper to the memory of Raviram Ramesh.

Note: [2 ] Membership of the REGISTRYInvestigators of the European Huntington’s Disease Network is provided after the references.

Note: [* ] member of Registry steering committee

Note: [** ] Language coordinator

Abstract: Background:People with Huntington’s disease (HD) have been observed to have lower rates of cancers. Objective:To investigate the relationship between age of onset of HD, CAG repeat length, and cancer diagnosis. Methods:Data were obtained from the European Huntington’s disease network REGISTRY study for 6540 subjects. Population cancer incidence was ascertained from the GLOBOCAN database to obtain standardised incidence ratios of cancers in the REGISTRY subjects. Results:173/6528 HD REGISTRY subjects had had a cancer diagnosis. The age-standardised incidence rate of all cancers in the REGISTRY HD population was 0.26 (CI 0.22–0.30). Individual cancers showed a lower age-standardised incidence rate compared with the control population with prostate and colorectal cancers showing the lowest rates. There was no effect of CAG length on the likelihood of cancer, but a cancer diagnosis within the last year was associated with a greatly increased rate of HD onset (Hazard Ratio 18.94, p < 0.001). Conclusions:Cancer is less common than expected in the HD population, confirming previous reports. However, this does not appear to be related to CAG length in HTT. A recent diagnosis of cancer increases the risk of HD onset at any age, likely due to increased investigation following a cancer diagnosis.

Keywords: Huntington’s disease, trinucleotide repeat, cancer, neurodegeneration

DOI: 10.3233/JHD-170263

Journal: Journal of Huntington's Disease, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 209-222, 2018