Affiliations: [a] Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, San Carlos Institute for Health Research (IdiSSC), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| [b] Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Correspondence:
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Correspondence to: Jordi A. Matias-Guiu, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Profesor Martin Lagos St., ES-28040, Spain. E-mails: jordimatiasguiu@hotmail.com, jordi.matias-guiu@salud.madrid.org; ORCID: 0000-0001-5520-2708.
Abstract: Background:Cross-Cultural Dementia Screening (CCD), Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS), and European Cross-cultural Neuropsychological Test Battery (CNTB) are three novel neuropsychological instruments developed from a cross-cultural perspective to reduce the impact of culture in cognitive assessment and improve the assessment in diverse populations. Objective:We aimed to collect and present normative data on these tests in a majority population sample (Spaniards living in Spain) and in a minority population sample (Colombians living in Spain). Methods:CCD, RUDAS, and CNTB were administered to a group of 300 cognitively healthy participants (150 Spaniards and 150 Colombians). Linear regression modeling strategy was used to provide adjusted norms for demographic factors and to explore the influence of these factors on test performance. Results:Most of the CCD and CNTB scores were predicted by age and years of education, with some tests only predicted by age or showing a ceiling effect. The comparison of normative data between the two samples confirmed the favorable cross-cultural properties of these instruments, with only some differences in processing speed and executive functioning scores. Conclusions:Our study finds a comparable influence of demographic factors in both populations on the performance of CCD, RUDAS, and CNTB, confirming their adequate cross-cultural properties. We provide normative data for these tests in Spaniards and Colombians living in Spain.
