Concordance Between Self-Reported Medical Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment/Dementia and Neurocognitive Function Among Middle-Aged and Older Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA)

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Vásquez, Priscilla M.^a | Tarraf, Wassim^b | Li, Yuyi^b | Jenkins, Derek^b | Soria-Lopez, Jose A.^c | Zlatar, Zvinka Z.^d | Marquine, Maria J.^{d; e} | Stickel, Ariana M.^c | Estrella, Mayra L.^f | Gallo, Linda C.^g | Lipton, Richard B.^h | Isasi, Carmen R.^h | Cai, Jianwenⁱ | Zeng, Donglinⁱ | Daviglus, Martha L.^j | Schneiderman, Neil^k | González, Hector M.^{c; *}

Affiliations: [a] Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Department of Urban Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA | [b] Wayne State University, Institute of Gerontology, Detroit, MI, USA | [c] University of California San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, CA, USA | [d] University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA | [e] University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA | [f] University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Houston, TX, USA | [g] San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA | [h] Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Bronx, NY, USA | [i] University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA | [j] University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute of Minority Health Research, Chicago, IL, USA | [k] University of Miami, Department of Psychology, Coral Gables, FL, USA

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Hector M. González, PhD, University of California San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0949, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Tel.: +1 858 534 5361; E-mail: hectorgonzalez@health.ucsd.edu.

Abstract: Background:Population-based studies typically rely on self-reported medical diagnosis (SRMD) of mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia; however, links to objective neurocognitive function have not been established. Objective:Examine the association between SRMD of MCI/dementia and objective neurocognitive function among Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods:We conducted a case-control study using the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) baseline data and its ancillary SOL-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA) at visit 2. Hispanic/Latino adults aged 50 years and older (n = 593) were administered neurocognitive tests: the Six-Item Screener (SIS), Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B-SVELT Sum), B-SVELT Recall, Word Fluency Test (WF), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSS), and Trail Making Test A and B. Individual and global neurocognitive function scores were used for analyses. Propensity matching techniques and survey generalized linear regression models were used to compare SRMD of MCI/dementia with demographic, psychological, and cardiovascular risk matched controls. Complex survey design methods were applied. Results:There were 121 cases of SRMD of MCI/dementia and 472 propensity matched controls. At baseline, compared to matched controls, cases showed no differences in neurocognitive function (p > 0.05). At SOL-INCA visit 2, cases had poorer scores in global neurocognitive function (p < 0.05), B-SEVLT Sum, B-SEVLT Recall, WF, DSS, and Trail A (p < 0.01). Conclusion:Observed differences in neurocognitive test scores between SRMD of MCI/dementia cases and matched controls were present at visit 2, but not at baseline in middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino adults. These findings present initial evidence of the potential utility of SRMD of MCI/dementia in epidemiologic studies, where obtaining confirmation of diagnosis may not be feasible.

Keywords: Cognition, dementia, Hispanic, Latino, mild cognitive impairment, neurocognition

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-215060

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 45-55, 2022