Affiliations: [a]
Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| [b]
Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Correspondence:
[*]
Correspondence to: Susanna C. Larsson, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: Susanna.Larsson@ki.se.
Abstract: Background:
Epidemiological evidence has associated Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with vascular risk factors (VRFs), but whether treatment of VRFs reduces the incidence of dementia and AD is uncertain. Objective:
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize available data on the impact of treatment of VRFs on dementia and AD incidence. Methods:
Pertinent studies published until 1 January 2018 were identified from PubMed. Both randomized controlled trials (RCT) and prospective studies that investigated the impact of treatment of VRFs on dementia or AD incidence were included. Results:
Eight RCTs and 52 prospective studies were identified. Antihypertensive treatment was associated with a non-significant reduced risk of dementia in RCTs (n = 5; relative risk [RR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69–1.02) and prospective studies (n = 3; RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.58–1.01) and with reduced AD risk in prospective studies (n = 5; RR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66–0.91). In prospective studies, treatment of hyperlipidemia with statins, but not nonstatin lipid-lowering agents, was associated with reduced risk of dementia (n = 17; RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63–0.95) and AD (n = 13; RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80–0.92). The single RCT on statins and dementia incidence showed no association. Data from one RCT and six prospective studies did not support a beneficial impact of antidiabetic drugs or insulin therapy on dementia risk. Conclusion:
Current evidence indicates that antihypertensives and statins might reduce the incidence of dementia and AD. Further trials to determine the effect of VRF on AD are needed.
