Affiliations: Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Cheng-Xin Gong, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314-6399, USA. Tel.: +1 718 494 5248; Fax: +1 718 494 1080; E-mail: cxgong@mail.csi.cuny.edu.
Note: [1] Current address: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Abstract: Glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity is thought to contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes of tau phosphorylation and tau-related protein kinases and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in the mouse brain during excitotoxicity induced by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg kainic acid (KA). We found that KA-induced excitotoxicity led to transient dephosphorylation of tau (within 6 hr post-injection), followed by sustained hyperphosphorylation of tau at multiple sites that are hyperphosphorylated in AD brain. The initial dephosphorylation of tau may result from activation of PP2A, and the sustained hyperphosphorylation may be due mainly to activation of cdk5 and down-regulation of PP2A during the later phase. Because abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau plays a crucial role in neurodegeneration and in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, our results suggest that glutamate receptor--mediated excitotoxicity might contribute to AD partially via promoting abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau in AD brain.
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, glutamate receptors, kainic acid, phosphorylation, protein kinases, protein phosphatase-2A, tau
