Affiliations: The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Houston, TX, USA | [x] Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA | [y] Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Bogdan Czerniak, M.D., Ph.D., The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Tel.: +1 713 794 1025; Fax: +1 713 792 4049; E-mail: bczernia@mdanderson.org.
Abstract: Bladder cancer originates in the epithelial lining of the bladder's mucosa and develops in association with several habitual, industrial, and environmental risk factors via papillary and non-papillary pathways. In this chapter we review novel concepts concerning the molecular mechanisms of early field change in bladder neoplasia stemming from whole-organ genomic mapping studies. These mechanisms are discussed in the context of molecular pathogenesis of bladder cancer and in relation to treatment and biomarker-based detection strategies.
Keywords: Bladder cancer, dual-track pathway, genomic map, biomarkers, risk factors, forerunner genes, precursor lesions, field effect, molecular profiling, diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer
