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Article type: Research Article
Authors: Yasuda, Akiko | Natsume, Midori | Sasaki, Kazue | Baba, Seigo | Nakamura, Yuko | Kanegae, Minoru | Nagaoka, Satoshi
Affiliations: Food and Health R&D Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd., Saitama, Japan | Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
Note: [] Address for correspondence: Midori Natsume, Food Functionality Research Center, Food and Health R&D Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd., 5-3-1, Chiyoda, Sakado-shi, Saitama 350-0289, Japan. Tel.: +81 492 84 7596; Fax: +81 492 84 7598; E-mail: midori_natsume@meiji.co.jp
Abstract: Cocoa powder is rich in polyphenols, such as catechins and oligomeric procyanidins, and has a hypocholesterolemic effect in humans. This study evaluated the principal active components and potential mechanism(s) for the hypocholesterolemic effect of polyphenolic substances from cocoa powder in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a 1% high-cholesterol diet (HC) or a high-cholesterol diet containing 1% polyphenol extract from cocoa powder (PE) or a mixture of 0.024% catechin and 0.058% epicatechin (CE) for 4 weeks. We also examined the effects of these polyphenolic substances on micellar cholesterol solubility in vitro. The PE group had significantly lower plasma cholesterol concentrations, and had significantly greater fecal cholesterol and total bile acids excretion than the HC group. The CE group diet did not influence plasma cholesterol concentrations, or fecal cholesterol or total bile acids excretion. Micellar solubility of cholesterol in vitro was significantly lower for procyanidin B2 (dimer), B5 (dimer), C1 (trimer) and A2 (tetramer), which are the main components of polyphenol extract from cocoa powder, compared to catechin and epicatechin. These results suggest that oligomeric procyanidins from cocoa powder are the principal active components responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect, and inhibit the intestinal absorption of cholesterol and bile acids through the decrease in micellar cholesterol solubility.
Keywords: Cholesterol, sterol, total bile acids, procyanidins, micellar solubility, rats
Journal: BioFactors, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 211-223, 2008
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