Affiliations: Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons
Note: [] This work was supported by public health grants (AG-02802, AG-05433) and The Charles S. Robertson Memorial Gift for Research in Alzheimer's Disease.
Note: [] Correspondence to Dr R. Mayeux, Neurology Institute, 710, West 168th Street, New York, NY10032, USA
Abstract: Clock-drawing is a widely used bedside test of constructional ability, but it has never been systematically studied or standardized. We examined 87 clocks drawn by neurologically impaired patients and age-matched controls, and propose a set of criteria for scoring clocks. Patients with probable Alzheimer's disease and other dementias have gross impairments in clock-drawing. These deficits include poor spatial arrangement of numbers, incorrect numerical sequence, insertion of stray lines, and addition of extra numbers. In Alzheimer's disease, the total score on the clock-drawing test correlates with the score on the Modified “Mini-Mental State” Examination. Non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease showed only defects in the spatial organization of the numbers, and non-demented patients with other diseases perform as well as controls.
