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This interdisciplinary journal publishes papers relating the plasticity and response of the nervous system to accidental or experimental injuries and their interventions, transplantation, neurodegenerative disorders and experimental strategies to improve regeneration or functional recovery and rehabilitation.
Experimental and clinical research papers adopting fresh conceptual approaches are encouraged. The overriding criteria for publication are novelty, significant experimental or clinical relevance and interest to a multidisciplinary audience.
Authors: Stein, Donald G.
Article Type: Other
DOI: 10.3233/RNN-1997-11301
Citation: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 123-125, 1997
Authors: Sabel, Bernhard A.
Article Type: Other
DOI: 10.3233/RNN-1997-11302
Citation: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 127-130, 1997
Authors: MacEvilly, Conor J. | Muller, David P.R.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that the gene for Friedreich's ataxia (FA) may be involved in the metabolism of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) or in other antioxidant systems. Concentrations of α-tocopherol, parameters of endogenous lipid peroxidation and susceptibility to in vitro oxidative stress were measured in neural tissues from four patients with FA and four controls. In general there were no significant differences in any of the parameters studied, although the brainstem whole homogenate from the FA patients was significantly (p < 0.02) less susceptible to in vitro oxidative stress than control material. These results, therefore, …do not support the suggestion that abnormal metabolism of α-tocopherol or increased oxidative stress is involved in the aetiology of FA. Show more
Keywords: Oxidative stress, Friedreich's ataxia, Vitamin E, Lipid peroxidation, Neural tissues, Neural fractions
DOI: 10.3233/RNN-1997-11303
Citation: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 131-137, 1997
Authors: Létang, Jérôme | Gaillard, Afsaneh | Gamier, Cyril | Roger, Michel
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: We examined (i) the capacity of transplants of embryonic neocortex to restore corticofugal systems disrupted following neonatal damage to the occipital cortex and (ii) the influence of the embryonic origin of the transplanted neurons on the reconstruction of the corticofugal circuitry. Transplants of embryonic occipital or frontal cortex were grafted homo- or heterotopically into the damaged occipital cortex of newborn rats. Several months after grafting, an anterograde tracer was injected into each category of transplants. Homotopic transplants developed a set of projections directed exclusively towards most of the cortical and subcortical visual targets normally contacted by occipital cortical neurons. Heterotopic …transplants formed a hybrid system of efferent projections that reflected both their embryonic origin and their new location within the host cortex. These findings are consistent with previous results indicating that fetal frontal and occipital neurons are not interchangeable. Consequently, transplantations aiming at the reconstruction of neural circuits disrupted following neonatal damage affecting a given cortical area should only use fetal cortical cells taken from the same cortical locale. Show more
Keywords: Development, Neocortex, Neural transplantation, Rat, Corticofugal projections, Neocortical differentiation, Prespecification
DOI: 10.3233/RNN-1997-11304
Citation: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 139-151, 1997
Authors: Katano, Hiroyuki | Masago, Atsuo | Yamada, Kazuo
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Immediate early gene (IEG) mRNA induction by cryogenic injury was examined using an in situ hybridization approach and the results compared with the heat shock protein mRNA expression. Hybridization signals for c-fos and c-jun mRNA were found after 30 min in the ipsilateral cortex, the hippocampal dentate granule cells and the piriform cortex, c-jun mRNA was also detected in the contralateral dentate gyrus and the piriform cortex, but was less extensive. Return to baseline values was observed at the 24 h time point. Peak induction, with silver grains observed mainly over the neurons on emulsion autoradiograms, was demonstrated in all …cases 30 min to 1 h post-injury. In contrast, only slight hsp70 mRNA expression by the neurons surrounding the cold-injured site could be detected by microautoradiography, at 6 h following the trauma. The results indicate that cryogenic brain injury induces IEGs in a similar way to mechanical modes of injury such as lateral fluid percussion, but that hsp70 mRNA is hardly expressed, implying the possible existence of differences in stress response pathways. Show more
Keywords: cryogenic brain injury, immediate early genes, heat shock protein, c-fos, c-jun, hsp70, in situ hybridization
DOI: 10.3233/RNN-1997-11305
Citation: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 153-160, 1997
Authors: Papaloïzos, Michaël Y. | Holmquist, Björn | Lundborg, Göran
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Bridging large defects in mixed nerves is still an unsolved problem in reconstructive microsurgery. Two main aspects may be distinguished: one is to obtain an appropriate substitute for the lost neural tissue, the second to direct fibers toward their previous end-organs with the highest possible specificity. In the present study, sural nerve block grafts were combined with enclosed gaps at one or both ends of the grafts. Functional outcome at the muscle level as well as the number of motor axons and their cross-sectional distribution were assessed after 3 months. The presence of a proximally placed tube was found to …decrease significantly the maximal tetanic force of the tibialis anterior muscle, whereas a distally placed one tended to improve it. Morphological data from acetylcholinesterase histochemistry correlated poorly with functional results but they gave some clues about possible roles played by the chambers, according to their position relatively to the grafts. No definitive evidence for an improved regeneration by use of silicone tubes in addition to the conventional grafts could be demonstrated. Show more
Keywords: Peripheral nerve, Regeneration, Specificity, Graft, Muscle, Tube, Acetylcholinesterase
DOI: 10.3233/RNN-1997-11306
Citation: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 161-168, 1997
Authors: Kohmura, Eiji | Yuguchi, Takamichi | Sakaki, Takayuki | Yamashita, Toshihide | Nonaka, Masahiro | Hayakawa, Toru
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Growth inhibitory factor / metallothionein III (GIF / MT-III) is reported to have the unique property of suppressing neuronal survival and neurite promotion in vitro. We investigated changes in the expression of GIF mRNA within the facial nucleus using in situ hybridization as well as changes in the function of the facial nerve after nerve injury. Following crushing injury just distal to the stylomastoid foramen, movement of the ipsilateral whiskers was eliminated but returned by the 7th day. GIF mRNA expression decreased at 3 days after injury and returned in 7 days. However, when the nerve was cut and sutured …immediately, it took one month for the facial function to recover. In this case, GIF mRNA expression decreased 3 days after injury, remained at a low level for 14 days, and finally returned in 3-4 weeks. Thus, changes in the expression of GIF mRNA were found to be closely related to the facial nerve function. Show more
Keywords: Facial nerve, GIF, Injury, Metallothionein, mRNA, Motoneuron Regeneration
DOI: 10.3233/RNN-1997-11307
Citation: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 169-175, 1997
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