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The Journal of Vestibular Research is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes experimental and observational studies, review papers, and theoretical papers based on current knowledge of the vestibular system, and letters to the Editor.
Authors: McGrath, B.J. | Guedry, F.E. | Oman, C.M. | Rupert, A.H.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and spatial orientation perceptions were recorded in 15 subjects during 3 Gz centrifuge runs. These data were obtained to study two issues: (1) to gain insight into reports of asymmetrical disorientation and disturbance during acceleration and deceleration of centrifuge runs like those used to train pilots on the procedures to counteract G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC); (2) to study the effects of sustained vertical linear acceleration on the vestibular system. The centrifuge angular velocity profile consisted of a 19 s angular acceleration to 3 Gz that was sustained for 5 min during a period …of constant angular velocity, and a 19 s deceleration to 1 Gz . The runs were repeated three times with the subject facing the motion and three times with the subject’s back to the motion. The VOR and spatial orientation perceptions from the eight subjects who completed all six runs were analyzed. The total VOR response during acceleration and deceleration was composed of interacting angular (AVOR) and linear components (LVOR). Asymmetries in pitch orientation perception between centrifuge acceleration and deceleration were not matched by asymmetries in the total VOR slow phase velocity. During the constant velocity high-G phase of the run, sustained up-beating LVOR (Lz nystagmus) was present in 14 of the 15 subjects. Significant individual differences in Lz nystagmus were found, but the maximum Lz response in our 15 subjects was probably of insufficient magnitude to degrade visual scan of cockpit instruments. Mean magnitudes ranged from 0 to 10 deg/s at 90 s from onset of centrifuge run. Show more
Keywords: VOR, spatial orientation, nystagmus, centrifuge
DOI: 10.3233/VES-1995-5501
Citation: Journal of Vestibular Research, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 331-347, 1995
Authors: Baloh, Robert W. | Yue, Qing | Demer, Joseph L.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: We measured the horizontal linear vestibulo-ocular reflex (LVOR) in normal human subjects and patients with abnormal angular vestibulo-ocular reflexes (AVOR) and abnormal smooth pursuit. Eye movements were induced by sinusoidal linear acceleration along the interaural axis (0.8 Hz, 0.5 g peak acceleration) on a parallel swing. Horizontal movement of each eye was recorded with an infrared limbus tracking device. Normal subjects increased LVOR sensitivity as real or imagined targets moved closer. Perceived target distance was more important than the vergence angle since changing the vergence angle alone with prisms resulted in only a slight change in LVOR sensitivity. Subjects suppressed …the LVOR with real or imagined head-fixed targets. Patients with decreased horizontal AVOR responses had decreased horizontal LVOR responses with imagined earth-fixed targets in the dark. They were able to generate normal velocity LVOR responses with real earth-fixed targets. Patients with increased AVOR responses and poor smooth pursuit due to cerebellar atrophy had low LVOR responses that were minimally affected by real or imagined earth-fixed or head-fixed targets. We conclude that the smooth pursuit system and the cerebellum are critical for generating the eye movements required as subjects fixate a near target during translational head movements. Show more
Keywords: parallel swing, linear acceleration, vergence, pursuit
DOI: 10.3233/VES-1995-5502
Citation: Journal of Vestibular Research, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 349-361, 1995
Authors: Gordon, Carlos R. | Spitzer, Orna | Doweck, Ilana | Melamed, Yehuda | Shupak, Avi
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: A survey conducted among 116 crew members of seagoing vessels confirmed that mal de debarquement (M-D) is a transient feeling of swinging, swaying, unsteadiness, and disequilibrium. None of the subjects requested medical attention, although there were isolated cases in which a strong sensation of swinging and unsteadiness caused transient postural instability and impaired the ability to drive. In most cases, the sensation of M-D appeared immediately on disembarking and generally lasted a few hours. In addition, subjects usually described bouts or attacks of M-D associated with changes in body posture, head position, or with closing of the eyes. M-D was …reported by 72% of our subjects. Sixty-six percent of subjects reported a high incidence following their first voyages. A significant positive correlation was found between M-D and seasickness susceptibility. The nature of M-D may be explained within the framework of multisensorimotor adaptation and habituation to a new or abnormal motion environment. It is suggested that M-D represents a dynamic, multisensorimotor form of CNS adaptive plasticity. Show more
Keywords: mal de debarquement, motion, adaptation, habituation
DOI: 10.3233/VES-1995-5503
Citation: Journal of Vestibular Research, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 363-369, 1995
Authors: Hanson, Jason M. | Goebel, Joel A.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Broad-frequency rotational chair testing is employed in clinical and research settings to evaluate the response of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) over a range of frequencies. Accurate computation of the gain and phase of the VOR is dependent upon the assumption that the subject’s head is rigidly coupled to the rotating chair over the range of frequencies employed. We tested this assumption by examining head slippage in 20 normal subjects using a standard rotational chair over the frequency range 0.025 to 2 Hz. Measurements were made with the subjects’ head optimally restrained according to our standard clinical protocol and with the …head minimally restrained. Head slippage was expressed as gain and phase of the head with respect to the chair. Computation of these parameters was made by comparing the signal received from a biteblock-mounted rate sensor rigidly coupled to the skull with that of the chair’s tachometer. We found highly significant slippage of the head with respect to the chair occurred at 0.5, 1 and 2 Hz, even with the head optimally restrained, leading to increased gain and a phase lag. Gain and phase were highly variable for both conditions at 2 Hz indicating inadequate head fixation using our methods. Below 0.5 Hz, minimal head slippage occurred whether the head was restrained or simply rested against a contoured headrest. Consideration of these results may lead to changing some practices currently employed in broad-frequency rotational chair testing at frequencies of 0.5 Hz and above. Show more
Keywords: vestibulo-ocular reflex, rotational testing, slippage, measurement
DOI: 10.3233/VES-1995-5504
Citation: Journal of Vestibular Research, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 371-376, 1995
Authors: Vitte, E. | Sémont, A.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Videonystagmoscopy has been used to subjectively observe the responses of the vestibular system in a population of patients with vestibular deficits. These results were compared with those of a control group of healthy, age-matched volunteers. The videonystagmoscopy device is made of one or two CCD cameras mounted on lightproof goggles, allowing a subjective observation of ocular movements on a video monitor. The eye movements, as well as the position of the head in space, can be recorded on videotape. The eyes are illuminated by infrared light emitting diodes placed on each side of the camera lens. The subjects are seated …on a manually driven Barany chair. Subjects went through a protocol of passive roll head tilt on each side, followed by a slow, whole body rotation of 180° amplitude, clockwise and counterclockwise, and then a head shaking test (HST). The eyes were subjectively observed, and we focussed on: torsional eye movements during head tilt, nystagmus when the rotation had stopped, and nystagmus induced by HST. With this simple and noninvasive examining procedure, screening of vestibular function at the bedside or during E.N.T. clinical investigations is possible. Show more
Keywords: videonystagmoscopy, rotation, torsional nystagmus, vestibular function
DOI: 10.3233/VES-1995-5505
Citation: Journal of Vestibular Research, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 377-383, 1995
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