Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology - Volume 3, issue 1

Authors: Pearl, Monica S.

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/PNR-14080

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-2, 2014

Authors: Bosemani, Thangamadhan | Poretti, Andrea | Orman, Gunes | Tekes, Aylin | Pearl, Monica S. | Huisman, Thierry A.G.M.

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: Moyamoya disease and syndrome represent an important cause of acute and chronic stroke in children. Neuroimaging plays a critical role in the early recognition, differential diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. This review will discuss the imaging findings and techniques as well as an ideal imaging strategy in the management of children with various etiologies of moyamoya. In addition, the postoperative imaging findings after revascularization will be presented.

Keywords: Moyamoya disease, moyamoya syndrome, pediatrics, neuroimaging

DOI: 10.3233/PNR-14081

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 3-12, 2014

Authors: Choudhri, Asim F. | Zaza, Aiad | Auschwitz, Tyler S. | Klimo, Paul | Mossa-Basha, Mahmud

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: Moyamoya disease and syndrome are typically described by their imaging features on cerebral angiography, however advances in noninvasive imaging has allowed improved anatomic and physiologic characterization of this vascular abnormality. Advanced imaging complements the role of cerebral angiography, and when used appropriately can provide valuable information regarding the diagnosis, treatment planning, and surveillance in patients with moyamoya. Techniques to be aware of include computed tomography, CT-angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MR Angiography (time-of-flight and dynamic contrast enhancemed angiography), and perfusion imaging (CT perfusion, arterial spin labeling perfusion, and nuclear medicine perfusion). With an appropriate understanding and implementation of noninvasive techniques, this …disease process can be better understood allowing for improved patient management. Show more

Keywords: Moyamoya, pediatrics, stroke, magnetic resonance imaging, perfusion, angiography

DOI: 10.3233/PNR-14082

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 13-20, 2014

Authors: Carpenter, Jessica L. | Hulbert, Monica L. | Fasano, Ross M. | Meier, Emily R.

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: Moyamoya, a pattern of progressive stenosis of the ICA associated with secondary formation of collateral vessels at the base of the brain, is a rare but well described cerebral vasculopathy. Moyamoya can be idiopathic but is also associated with several genetic disorders, inflammatory conditions and radiation exposure. Despite extensive research on the topic, the underlying mechanisms for how and why Moyamoya develops are not well understood. Moyamoya syndrome in sickle cell disease is one of the more studied subsets of the disease and recent experience with this subtype may have implications for understanding of all types of Moyamoya. Treatment options …for Moyamoya are limited, with the mainstays of therapy restricted to surgical revascularization procedures. Show more

Keywords: Moyamoya, Sickle cell disease, hemoglobin SS, vasculopathy

DOI: 10.3233/PNR-14083

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 21-28, 2014

Authors: Rhee, Jay W. | Tork, Craig A. | Sabbag, Orlando D. | Magge, Suresh N.

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: Cerebral ischemia is a well-recognized cause of morbidity in the pediatric population. Moyamoya disease, first described in 1957 by Takeuchi and Shimizu, is an idiopathic chronic vasculopathy that often presents with ischemia. Moyamoya syndrome presents with similar clinical manifestations and disease progression but may occur unilaterally or in the setting of a predisposing condition. Both direct and indirect revascularization procedures have proven to be efficacious for pediatric moyamoya patients.

Keywords: Moyamoya disease, Moyamoya syndrome, Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis, EDAS, Superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass, pial synangiosis, stroke, ischemia

DOI: 10.3233/PNR-14084

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 29-37, 2014

Authors: Schneider, Tanja | Wyse, Emily | Lin, Doris | Pearl, Monica S.

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: Moyamoya is characterized by stenosis or occlusion of the terminal internal carotid artery and the formation of a compensatory abnormal vascular network. Cerebral angiography plays an essential role for the definitive diagnosis and surgical treatment planning of moyamoya disease and syndrome; however, there has been little documented experience with endovascular techniques, i.e., angioplasty and intracranial stenting, in this patient population. Initial reports suggest that the endovascular treatments can be performed safely, however, their long-term durability and role in acutely symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with moyamoya disease and syndrome is yet to be determined.

Keywords: cerebral angiography, angioplasty, moyamoya

DOI: 10.3233/PNR-14085

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 39-48, 2014

Authors: Pearl, Monica S. | Ahn, Edward | Gregg, Lydia | Gailloud, Philippe

Article Type: Other

Abstract: The spinal cord is covered by a functionally important pial arterial network described by Adamkiewicz in 1881 under the name of vasocorona. This arterial network loosely interconnects the anterior and posterior longitudinal axes and may become enlarged under pathological circumstances. We report here a case of moyamoya syndrome in a 2-year-old boy with bilateral vertebral artery occlusion, in which the collateral supply to the basilar artery occurred via a dilated portion of the vasocorona of the upper cervical spinal cord.

Keywords: Vasocorona, moyamoya, Keutel syndrome

DOI: 10.3233/PNR-14086

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 49-51, 2014

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/PNR-14087

Citation: Journal of Pediatric Neuroradiology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 53-54, 2014