Journal of Berry Research - Volume 3, issue 2

Authors: Kamiloglu, Senem | Boyacioglu, Dilek | Capanoglu, Esra

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: The role of antioxidants in human nutrition has gained increased interest, especially due to their associated health-beneficial effects for a number of chronic diseases, including certain types of cancer and cardiovascular disease. There is a particular interest in tomato as it is a major component in the so-called “Mediterranean diet” which has been associated with a healthier lifestyle. Tomatoes are rich sources of key antioxidant components such as carotenoids and polyphenols. They are consumed both as fresh produce and after having been processed in a wide variety of ways. Many researches have been carried out on the biochemical composition of …tomato and its processed forms. However, in order to measure the real impact of tomato processing, bioavailability (the proportion of an ingested nutrient that is available for its intended mode of action) is more relevant than the total amount of antioxidants present in the original tomato or tomato product. Processing of tomatoes into different end products includes mechanical treatments, several thermal treatment steps, and the addition of ingredients such as oil or salt, which may result in changes in bioavailability of tomato antioxidants. In this review, we critically discussed the findings on the effects of different food processing techniques on in vivo and in vitro bioavailability of tomato antioxidants. Show more

Keywords: Tomato, processing, bioavailability, antioxidant

DOI: 10.3233/JBR-130051

Citation: Journal of Berry Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 65-77, 2013

Authors: Schafleitner, Sadia | Bonnet, Alain | Pedeprat, Nicole | Rocca, Daniel | Chartier, Philippe | Denoyes, Béatrice

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Evaluation of strawberry resistance to crown rot caused by Phytophthora cactorum is usually performed on a limited number of genotypes. The major objective of this study was to screen large genetic resources to identify potential parents that can be further used in breeding programs. Plants were inoculated by wounding the crown and placing a mycelium disk on the wound. Firstly, plug and cold stored plants were evaluated for their susceptibility to P. cactorum. Secondly, a total of 107 genotypes was evaluated using cold stored plants. Plug plants were very low affected by the wounding inoculation with P. cactorum whatever the …genotype, whereas results obtained using cold stored plants consistently reflected the susceptibility of the genotype to crown rot. By using cold stored plants, we evaluated the susceptibility of 70 varieties and 37 advanced lines. Among the genotypes, we identified varieties such as Cirafine or Cireine with high level of resistance similar to the one of Senga Sengana. These data will be useful for choosing parents in breeding programs and for validation of markers linked to the resistance to P. cactorum. Show more

Keywords: Phytophthora cactorum, strawberry, resistance, type of plants

DOI: 10.3233/JBR-130052

Citation: Journal of Berry Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 79-91, 2013

Authors: Oliveira, M. | Pereira, J. | Cabo Verde, S. | Lima, M.G. | Pinto, P. | de Oliveira, P.B. | Junqueira, C. | Marcos, H. | Silva, T. | Melo, R. | Santos, C.N. | Botelho, M.L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Blackberries consumption has been associated with health benefits. However, these fruits present a short shelf-life. Thus, food irradiation is a potential alternative technology for conservation of these fruits without use of chemicals. OBJECTIVE: Analyse the potentiality of gamma radiation as a decontamination method for blackberry fruits. METHODS: Fresh packed blackberries were irradiated in a Co-60 source at two doses (1.0 and 1.5 kGy). Bioburden, physical and rheological, sensorial and total soluble content parameters were assessed before irradiation, immediately after and at two days storage time at 4°C. RESULTS: The characterization of blackberries microbiota point out to an average bioburden …value of 104 CFU/g and to a microbial population predominantly composed by filamentous fungi. The inactivation studies on the blackberries mesophilic population indicated a limited microbial inactivation (<1 log decimal reduction) for the applied radiation doses, being the surviving population mainly constituted by filamentous fungi and yeast. No effect of irradiation on colour of blackberries was observed. Concerning texture parameters, no significant differences were observed in both fracturability and firmness between non-irradiated and irradiated blackberries immediately after irradiation. In blackberries stored for two days, both parameters were slightly lower in irradiated blackberries, compared to non-irradiated blackberries. The performed sensorial analysis indicated a similar acceptability among irradiated and non-irradiated fruits. CONCLUSION: This work reveals gamma irradiation treatment potential since no major impact was detected on blackberries physical, rheological and sensory attributes. Further studies with longer periods of storage are needed to elucidate the advantages of irradiation as a conservation treatment. Show more

Keywords: Blackberries, food irradiation, food microbiology, rheological properties

DOI: 10.3233/JBR-130050

Citation: Journal of Berry Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 93-102, 2013

Authors: Scalzo, Jessica | Stanley, Jill | Alspach, Peter | Mezzetti, Bruno

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The fruit quality traits and the phytochemical content of blueberries are of increasing importance to researchers in the field of food and health and important breeding objectives. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to gain preliminary information on parent's performances and variation of the fruit traits and phytochemicals from a small breeding population. METHODS: The breeding population was from a 3 × 4 factorial mating design, 120 seedlings in total. The fruit traits evaluated were weight, colour, pedicel scar size and firmness and the phytochemical composition included the total anthocyanin and phenolic contents and total antioxidant activity. RESULTS: …Variation was found for all the traits studied in all families, with low genetic correlations between fruit traits, high correlations between phytochemicals and negative correlations between fruit weight and phytochemicals. CONCLUSIONS: Breeding population size was small and the lack of replication has influenced the statistical approach. From our observations we found ‘Hortblue Petite’ potentially an excellent parent for phytochemical traits. Show more

Keywords: Breeding, highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L., fruit traits, antioxidants, anthocyanins, phenols, factorial mating design

DOI: 10.3233/JBR-130049

Citation: Journal of Berry Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 103-111, 2013

Authors: Banaszewski, Katarzyna | Park, Eunyoung | Edirisinghe, Indika | Cappozzo, Jack C. | Burton-Freeman, Britt M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Information on absorption and metabolism of strawberry polyphenols is limited. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify plasma polyphenols/anthocyanins across 4 doses of strawberry using Q-TOF LC/MS and LC-MS/MS analysis. METHOD: Plasma was collected from 5 subjects (n = 5) every 30–60 min for 6 h after consuming beverages containing 0, 10, 20 or 40 g freeze-dried strawberry powder with a meal. RESULTS: Q-TOF LC/MS and LC-MS/MS analysis of plasma revealed 33 compounds; 7 not reported previously. Pelargonidin-O-glucuronide (PG) was the most abundant metabolite. Maximum concentrations (Cmax ) of PG were achieved at 148 ± …31 min and were significantly different among beverages containing 0, 10, 20, 40 g strawberry powder: 0, 93.4 ± 21.9, 166.5 ± 16.2 and 226.7 ± 36.7 nmol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). Area under the concentration curve (AUC) also increased with dose (P < 0.05); however, Cmax and AUC of PG was reduced as a percent of pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside (P3G) delivered in the strawberry beverages (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Use of both Q-TOF LC/MS and LC-MS/MS allowed for detection of compounds in plasma not previously reported, which may be a useful approach for characterizing postprandial plasma metabolites of lesser known plant foods. Additionally, higher concentrations of key strawberry compounds/metabolites are achieved with eating more strawberry; however, saturation of absorptive capacity of pelargonidin-based anthocyanins was suggested. Show more

Keywords: Bioavailability, anthocyanin, Q-TOF LC/MS, LC-MS/MS, strawberry

DOI: 10.3233/JBR-130048

Citation: Journal of Berry Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 113-126, 2013