Human Antibodies - Volume 30, issue 1

Authors: Dastar, Saba | Gharesouran, Jalal | Mortazavi, Deniz | Hosseinzadeh, Hassan | Kian, Seyed Jalal | Taheri, Mohammad | Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh | Jamali, Elena | Rezazadeh, Maryam

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: The outbreak of the newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) all over the world has caused global public health emergencies, international concern and economic crises. The systemic SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) can lead to death through causing unrestrained cytokines-storm and subsequent pulmonary shutdown among the elderly and patients with pre-existing comorbidities. Additionally, in comparison with poor nations without primary health care services, in developed countries with advanced healthcare system we can witness higher number of infections per one million people. In this review, we summarize the latest studies on genes associated with SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and propose possible mechanisms …of the virus replication cycle and its triggered signaling pathways to encourage researchers to investigate genetic and immune profiles of the disease and try strategies for its treatment. Our review shows that immune response in people with different genetic background might vary as African and then Asian populations have lowest number of affected cases compared with European and American nations. Considering SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, we put forward some potentially important genetic gateways to COVID-19 infection including genes involved in the entry and replication of SARS-CoV-2 and the regulation of host immune response which might represent explanation for its spread, severity, and morality. Finally, we suggest that genetic alterations within these gateways could be critical factors in influencing geographical discrepancies of the virus, so it is essential to fully study them and design appropriated and reliable therapeutic agents against COVID-19. Show more

Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, host gene, susceptibility

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-211506

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1-14, 2022

Authors: El Abd, Yasmine | Tabll, Ashraf | Smolic, Robert | Smolic, Martina

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The emergence of novel viruses poses severe challenges to global public health highlighting the crucial necessity for new antivirals. MAIN BODY: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are immunoglobulins that bind to a single epitope. Mouse mAbs are generated by classic hybridoma technology and are mainly used for immunodiagnostics. For immunotherapy, it is critical to use monoclonal antibodies in their human form to minimize adverse reactions. They have been successfully used to treat numerous illnesses, accordingly, an increasing number of mAbs, with high potency against emerging viruses is the target of every biopharmaceutical company. The diagnostic and therapeutic …mAbs market grows rapidly into a multi-billion-dollar business. Biopharmaceuticals are innovative resolutions which revolutionized the treatment of significant chronic diseases and malignancies. Currently, a variety of therapeutic options that include antiviral medications, monoclonal antibodies, and immunomodulatory agents are available for the management of COVID-19. SHORT CONCLUSION: The invasion of mAbs in new medical sectors will increase the market magnitude as it is expected to generate revenue of about 300 billion $ by 2025. In the current mini-review, the applications of monoclonal antibodies in immune-diagnosis and immunotherapy will be demonstrated, particularly for COVID-19 infection and will focus mainly on monoclonal antibodies in the market. Show more

Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies, market trends, immunodiagnostics, immunotherapy, SARS CoV-2, COVID-19

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-211513

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 15-24, 2022

Authors: Boluri, Ahmad | Khazaei, Hosseinali | Sargolzaei, Narjes | Miri, Hanie Olfat | Khazaei, Bahman

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-17 plays a central role in orchestrating the cytokine cascade and accelerates atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability in animal models. However, epidemiological data evaluating the role of IL-17 levels in unstable angina are lacking. The aim of our study is to evaluate and compare the IL-17 levels in unstable angina (UA) cases before and after treatment. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed from July to October 2018 in Ali Iben-abitaleb heart center, Zahedan, Iran. 48 patients with UA in the age range of below 50 years entered the study. All demographic, past medical history, physical …examination, electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG), and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) data were collected. Serum level of IL-17 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. In all the tests, P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. All data analyses were performed using the SPSS 13.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). RESULTS: In this study, 48 UA patients, including 34 women and 16 men with a mean age of 56.60 years were included in the study. The mean serum level of interleukin 17 after treatment (65.13 ± 53.29 pg/dl) was significantly lower than Its level before treatment (94.89 ± 51.25 pg/dL) (P < 0/05). CONCLUSION: Our findings point towards a role of inflammation in the form of increased activity of IL-17 in UA patients and thus suggest that IL-17-driven inflammation may play a role in the promotion of clinical instability in patients with coronary artery disease. Show more

Keywords: Interleukin-17, stable angina, unstable angina

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-210446

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 25-29, 2022

Authors: Vafaee, Reza | Tavirani, Mostafa Rezaei | Tavirani, Sina Rezaei | Razzaghi, Mohammadreza

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: There are many documents about benefits of exercise on human health. However, evidences indicate to positive effect of exercise on disease prevention, understanding of many aspects of this mechanism need more investigations. Determination of critical genes which effect human health. GSE156249 including 12 gene expression profiles of healthy individual biopsy from vastus lateralis muscle before and after 12-week combined exercise training intervention were extracted from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The significant DEGs were included in interactome unit by Cytoscape software and STRING database. The network was analyzed to find the central nodes subnetwork clusters. The nodes of prominent …cluster were assessed via gene ontology by using ClueGO. Number of 8 significant DEGs and 100 first neighbors analyzed via network analysis. The network includes 2 clusters and COL3A1, BGN, and LOX were determined as central DEGs. The critical DEGs were involved in cancer prevention process. Show more

Keywords: Gene, exercise, cancer, network, gene ontology

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-210454

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 31-36, 2022

Authors: Ghabeshi, Soad | Najafi, Ali | Zamani, Batol | Soltani, Mozhdeh | Arero, Amanuel Godana | Izadi, Shim | Piroozmand, Ahmad

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Considerable evidence supports that SLE could be related to apoptotic cells and EBV infection. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the transcriptional signature of EBV infection in SLE patients for survey of the molecular apoptosis signaling pathways. METHODS: The PBMCs gene expression profiles of healthy control and SLE patients were obtained from GEO. Functional annotation and signaling pathway enrichment were carried out using DAVID, KEGG. To validate bioinformatics analysis the changes in genes expression of some of obtained genes, Real time PCR was performed on PBMCs from 28 SLE …patients and 18 controls. RESULTS: We found that mean viral load was 6013 ± 390.1 copy/μ g DNA from PBMCs in all patients. QRT-PCR results showed that the expression of the DUSP1 and LAMP3 genes which had most changes in the logFC among 4 candidate genes, increased significantly in comparison with control. The consistent expression of LMP2 as viral latency gene involve in apoptosis signaling pathways was detected in SLE patients with EBV viral load and some controls. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated that some cellular genes may have an important role in pathogenesis of SLE through apoptosis signaling pathways. Beside, EBV infection as an environmental risk factor for SLE may affect the dysfunction of apoptosis. Show more

Keywords: Epstein-Barr virus, viral load, systemic lupus erythematous, apoptosis signaling pathways, system biology

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-211505

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 37-46, 2022

Authors: Taheri, Mohammad | Gholami, Leila | Nicknafs, Fwad | Hussen, Bashdar Mahmud | Arsang-Jang, Shahram | Sayad, Arezou | Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Periodontal diseases are common conditions in almost all age groups and a public health problem. Numerous risk factors have been demonstrated for this condition. The main mechanism of tissue destruction in the periodontitis is the functional interactions between microbial pathogens and host immune responses, thus cytokines have crucial roles in the pathogenesis periodontitis. Our previous study has demonstrated the susceptibility role of HLA-DRB1*04 allele in development of this disease. So, the individuals who were positive for HLA-DRB1*04 allele were excluded. We aimed to appraise the function of cytokines in the pathogenesis of periodontitis via assessment of tissue and blood levels …of a number of cytokine coding genes, namely IL-1B , CXCL8 , IL-17 , IFNG , TGFB and TNFA1 . Expressions of IFNG , IL-17 , TGFB and TNFA1 were significantly higher in the peripheral blood of individuals with periodontitis compared with unaffected persons (Posterior beta = 1.91, P value = 0.043; Posterior beta = 1.84, P value = 0.033; Posterior beta = 0.713, P value = 0.009 and Posterior beta = 2.85, P value = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, expression of IL-17 was higher in females compared with males (Posterior beta = 1.47, P value = 0.036). As the interaction effect between gender and group was remarkable for IL-17 expression, we further conducted subgroup analysis within gender group. Expression of IL-17 was higher in male patients compared with unaffected males (Posterior beta = 1.9, P value = 0.048). We did not detect any significant difference in the expression of these cytokines in tissues obtained from affected individuals and unaffected controls. Therefore, our results imply dysregulation of cytokine coding genes in patients with periodontitis and warrant further mechanistical studies. Show more

Keywords: Periodontitis, cytokine, IFNG, IL-17, TGFB, TNFA1

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-211507

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 47-55, 2022

Article Type: Correction

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-229000

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 57-, 2022