Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging - Volume 10, issue 3-4

Authors: Haris, Parvez I.

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/BSI-230003

Citation: Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging, vol. 10, no. 3-4, pp. 45-47, 2023

Authors: Santos, Marfran C. D. | Mariz, João V. M. | Silva, Raissa V. O. | Morais, Camilo L. M. | Lima, Kássio M. G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In view of the global pandemic that started in 2020, caused by COVID-19, the importance of the existence of fast, reliable, cheap diagnostic techniques capable of detecting the virus even in the first days of infection became evident. This review discusses studies involving the use of spectroscopic techniques in the detection of viruses in clinical samples. Techniques based on mid-infrared, near-infrared, Raman, and molecular fluorescence are explained and it was demonstrated how they can be used in conjunction with computational tools of multivariate analysis to build models capable of detecting viruses. Studies that used real clinical samples from 2011 to …2021 were analyzed. The results demonstrate the potential of the techniques in detecting viruses. Spectroscopic techniques, as well as chemometric techniques, were also explained. Viral diagnosis based on spectroscopy has interesting advantages compared to standard techniques such as: fast results, no need for reagents, non-destructiveness for the sample, no need for sample preparation, relatively low cost, among others. Several studies have corroborated the real possibility that, in the near future, we may have spectroscopic tools being successfully applied in viral diagnosis. Show more

Keywords: Biospectroscopy, virus identification, multivariate classification, multiway classification

DOI: 10.3233/BSI-210213

Citation: Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging, vol. 10, no. 3-4, pp. 49-75, 2023

Authors: Huang, Xuan | Reye, Gina | Momot, Konstantin I. | Blick, Tony | Lloyd, Thomas | Tilley, Wayne D. | Hickey, Theresa E. | Snell, Cameron E. | Thompson, Erik W. | Hugo, Honor J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Increased mammographic density (MD) is a strong and independent risk factor for breast cancer. Lifetime oestrogenic exposure is associated with increased MD, however androgenic effects on MD have not been widely investigated. Methods: We studied the effect of 17 β -oestradiol (E2) alone or in combination with an androgen receptor (AR) agonist (5 α -dihydrotestosterone [DHT]) or a selective AR modulator (Enobosarm), in modulating MD as measured via single-sided Portable NMR in a patient-derived explant (PDE) model of normal human mammary tissue. Results: We observed an upward trend in explants treated …with E2 alone in 3/6 cases, an effect which appeared to be somewhat influenced by menopausal status. Co-treatment of E2 with the AR agonists DHT or Enobosarm however effected a downward trend in regards to MD. E2 significantly upregulated the ER regulated genes (ERGs) CELSR2 and AR , and the AR regulated genes SEC14L2 and GRPC5A , whereas E2 in combination with AR agonist Enobosarm downregulated ERGs SERPINA3, ATP6V1B1 , TFF1 and PR regulated gene RANK . Only GREB1 and CLIC6 were upregulated by E2 and downregulated by the combination of E2 with Enobosarm. DHT + E2 exhibited no significant difference in expression of ER, AR or PR genes examined, compared with the effect of E2 alone. A negative trend was observed between ER protein levels and MD increase in PDEs. Since ER protein gets degraded upon hormone activation, this observation supports active ER signalling in the promotion of MD. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings supports the utility of single-sided Portable NMR for the measurement of MD in explanted human mammary tissue to detect MD change in response to exogenous hormone treatments. A mechanism through which activation of AR may reduce MD as a potential mechanism for reducing breast cancer risk associated to high MD is discussed. Show more

Keywords: Mammographic density, oestrogen, androgen, single-sided portable NMR, patient-derived explants, ex vivo culture

DOI: 10.3233/BSI-230000

Citation: Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging, vol. 10, no. 3-4, pp. 77-97, 2023

Authors: Surazynski, Lukasz | Nieminen, Heikki J. | Mäkinen, Markus J. | Nieminen, Miika T. | Myllylä, Teemu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: When light is illuminated using a broad spectrum and detected without physical contact between source and detector the method is often referred as diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Combined with newest computational algorithms, DRS may reach high performance in near future in tissue characterization and pathology. In this study, we show that DRS can be used to automatically differentiate untreated fresh liver tissue from heat-induced and chemically induced tissue denaturation in bovine liver ex vivo . For this, we used a thresholding algorithm that was developed and tested using 10-fold cross validation. Our results indicate that DRS has potential to detect …pathological tissue processes that result in tissue injury and ultimately tissue necrosis. The detection of necrosis is important for many medical applications, not least for tissue sampling by biopsy needle, where additional guidance to commonly used ultrasound would be welcome. Furthermore, cancer tissue is prone to necrosis as a result of tissue hypoxia and due to cancer treatments. Show more

Keywords: DRS, liver, biopsy, thresholding classification

DOI: 10.3233/BSI-230001

Citation: Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging, vol. 10, no. 3-4, pp. 99-112, 2023