Affiliations: [a] Occupational Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton (NB), Canada
| [b] Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski (QC), Canada
| [c] Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo (ON), Canada
| [d] New Brunswick EMS, Medavie Health Services, Moncton (NB), Canada
| [e] School of Kinesiology and Leisure, Université de Moncton, Moncton (NB), Canada
Correspondence:
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Address for correspondence: Michel J. Johnson, 40 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, CEPS Louis-J. Robichaud, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A3E9, Canada. Tel.: +1 506 858 4811; Fax: +1 506 858 4308; E-mail: michel.johnson@umoncton.ca.
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Most ambulance collisions happen in emergency driving conditions and are caused by human factors. OBJECTIVE:This study investigated the influence of human factors associated with time pressure, patient-care intervention, and health status on the physiological responses of simulated emergency driving tasks. METHODS:A cohort of seventeen experienced paramedics performed a battery of three simulated diving tasks. The driving tasks were a non-urgent and two urgent driving simulations (one to the scene and one to the hospital). The second urgent driving task was preceded by a patient-care simulation (unstable cardiac patient with cardiopulmonary resuscitation). RESULTS:The physiological responses between the three driving tasks were not significantly different due to time pressure and patient-care intervention. It is postulated that the physiological response of experienced paramedics was influenced by the fact that they are accustomed to handling stressful situations daily. Furthermore, it was observed that paramedics with health conditions were more physiologically aroused during the urgent driving scenarios (pre and post-intervention), suggesting they might have an elevated risk of collision when they drive with urgency. Paramedics with health conditions also had higher physiological responses for the post-intervention baseline, leading to a longer recovery time period, which might represent an elevated risk of developing chronic health problems or amplifying existing ones. CONCLUSIONS:The findings of this research suggest that experienced paramedics manage the influence of time pressure and the impact of challenging patient-care well. Paramedics with health conditions represent an elevated risk of collision.
Keywords: Emergency drivers, paramedics, health status, urgent driving, ambulance simulator, work physiology
