Affiliations: School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University,
Sudbury, Ontario, Canada | Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo,
Waterloo, Ontario, Canda
Note: [] Address for correspondence: Dr. Tammy Eger, School of Human
Kinetics, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E
2C6, Canada. Tel.: +1 705 675 1151 ext 1005; Fax: +1 705 675 4845; E-mail:
teger@laurentian.ca
Abstract: Load haul dump (LHD) vehicles have been involved in workplace
accidents resulting in fatal injuries and LHD operators also report high rates
of musculoskeletal injury. Poor line-of-sight (LOS) and awkward postures
adopted by the LHD operator increase the risk of driving related accidents and
musculoskeletal injury. The purpose of this case study was to simultaneously
measure point of regard (POR), driving posture and sitting position during the
operation of a LHD in an underground mining environment in order to further
understand the link between these variables and the design of the LHD vehicle.
A 5.35 m^{3} bucket LHD vehicle was used and several driving tasks were
analysed. The case study results showed that despite the driving task, the
operator looked to the left side of the vehicle 65% of the time. Postural
implications include extreme neck rotation (> 40 degrees) for 85% of
the work cycle and the average peak compression at L4/L5 was 1843N. Despite
changes in driving posture the average center of pressure location for the
seated operator moved very little; however changes in peak pressure were
observed. The design of the LHD vehicle dictated what the operator could see,
which had a direct influence on driving postures adopted by the operator and
resulted in several risk factors for musculoskeletal injury.
Keywords: Driving posture, load-haul-dump (LHD), point of regard (POR), pressure mapping, line-of-sight (LOS)
