Measuring empowerment in working life: A review

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Arneson, Hanna | Ekberg, Kerstin

Affiliations: National Centre for Work and Rehabilitation, Department of Health and Society, University of Linkoping, SE-581 83 Linkoping, Sweden

Note: [] Corresponding author. Tel.: +4613 22 14 11; Fax: +46 13 22 51 00; E-mail: Hanna.Arneson@his.liu.se

Abstract: This study identifies and describes questionnaires that measure empowerment in working life. Theoretical bases and empirical examination of the questionnaires are also reported. Nine questionnaires emerged from a database search including AMED, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE and PSYCINFO. The main target groups were employees in general. Most authors share the same theoretical basis. Most of the questionnaires focus on intra- individual issues, while a smaller number deal with the interaction between individual and organization. Control and competence are frequently used dimensions. Cronbach's alpha for complete questionnaires ranged between 0.62 and 0.96. No comparisons with outcome of health were reported. Spreitzer's questionnaire [54] has undergone the most comprehensive investigation. Research is required to achieve better understanding of the interplay between conditions at work and empowerment and health.

Keywords: Empowerment, measurement, working life, workplace health promotion, health promotion

Journal: Work, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 37-46, 2006