Comparative study of root-canal shaping with stainless steel and rotary NiTi files performed by preclinical dental students

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Article type: Research Article

Authors: Alrahabi, Mothanna

Affiliations: Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia. Tel.: +966 597674522; E-mail: mrahabi@taibahu.edu.sa, dr.rahabi@gmail.com

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the use of NiTi rotary and stainless steel endodontic instruments for canal shaping by undergraduate students. We also assessed the quality of root canal preparation as well as the occurrence of iatrogenic events during instrumentation. METHODS: In total, 30 third-year dental students attending Taibah University Dental College prepared 180 simulated canals in resin blocks with NiTi rotary instruments and stainless steel hand files. Superimposed images were prepared to measure the removal of material at different levels from apical termination using the GSA image analysis software. Preparation time, procedural accidents, and canal shape after preparation were analyzed using χ 2 and t-tests. The statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: There were significant differences in preparation time between NiTi instruments and stainless steel files; the former was associated with shorter preparation time, less ledge formation (1.1% vs. 14.4%), and greater instrument fracture (5.56% vs. 1.1%). These results indicate that NiTi rotary instruments result in better canal geometry and cause less canal transportation. CONCLUSIONS: Manual instrumentation using stainless steel files is safer than rotary instrumentation for inexperienced students. Intensive preclinical training is a prerequisite for using NiTi rotary instruments. These results prompted us to reconsider theoretical and practical coursework when teaching endodontics.

Keywords: NiTi, rotary, stainless steel, resin block, dental students, shaping, root canal, endodontics, dental education, procedural accidents

DOI: 10.3233/THC-150895

Journal: Technology and Health Care, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 257-265, 2015