Classical analysis of time behavior of radiation fields associated with biophoton signals
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Propagation of photon signals in biological systems, such as neurons, accompanies the production of biophotons. The role of biophotons in a cell deserves special attention because it can be applied to diverse optical systems.
OBJECTIVE:
This work has been aimed to investigate the time behavior of biophoton signals emitted from living systems in detail, by introducing a Hamiltonian that describes the process. The ratio of the energy loss during signal dissipation will also be investigated.
METHOD:
To see the adiabatic properties of the biophoton signal, we introduced an adiabatic invariant of the system according to the method of its basic formulation.
RESULTS:
The energy of the released biophoton dissipates over time in a somewhat intricate way when t is small. However, after a sufficient long time, it dissipates in proportion (1+λ_0t)^2 to where λ_0 is a constant that is relevant to the degree of dissipation. We have confirmed that the energy of the biophoton signal oscillates in a particular way while it dissipates.
CONCLUSION:
This research clarifies the characteristics of radiation fields associated with biophotons on the basis of Hamiltonian dynamics which describes phenomenological aspects of biophotons signals.
References
[1] | Louisell WH. Quantum Statistical Properties of Radiation. John Wiley and Sons; New York, (1973) . |
[2] | Kalluri DK. Electromagnetics of Time Varying Complex Media. 2nd ed. CRC Press; Boca Raton, (2010) . |
[3] | Choi JR. Thermal radiation fields in time-dependent linear media at finite temperature. Laser Phys Lett. (2013) ; 10: : 105202. |
[4] | Choi JR. Invariant operator theory for the single-photon energy in time-varying media. Chin Phys. B. (2010) ; 19: : 010306. |
[5] | Choi JR. Coherent and squeezed states of light in linear media with time-dependent parameters by Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant operator method. J Phys B: At Mol Opt Phys. (2006) ; 39: : 669-684. |
[6] | Crespi A, , Ramponi R, , Osellame R, , Sansoni L, , Bongioanni I, , Sciarrino F, , Vallone G, , Mataloni P. Integrated photonic quantum gates for polarization qubits. Nat Commun. (2011) ; 2: : 566. |
[7] | Politi A, , Matthews JCF, , O'Brien JL. Shor's quantum factoring algorithm on a photonic chip. Science. (2009) ; 325: : 1221. |
[8] | Bajpai RP. Squeezed state description of spectral decompositions of a biophoton signal. Phys Lett A. (2005) ; 337: : 265-273. |
[9] | Bajpai RP. Biophoton emission in a squeezed state from a sample of Parmelia tinctorum. Phys Lett A. (2004) ; 322: : 131-136. |
[10] | Popp FA, , Chang JJ, , Herzog A, , Yan Z, , Yan Y. Evidence of non-classical (squeezed) light in biological systems. Phys Lett A. (2002) ; 293: : 98-102. |
[11] | Popp FA, , Li KH. Hyperbolic relaxation as a sufficient condition of a fully coherent ergodic field. Int J Theor Phys. (1993) ; 32: : 1573-1583. |
[12] | Gurwitsch A. Über Ursachen der Zellteilung. Arch Entw Mech Org. (1922) ; 51: : 383-415. |
[13] | Devaraj B, , Usa M, , Inaba H. Biophotons: ultraweak light emission from living systems. Curr Opin Solid State Mat Sci. (1997) ; 2: : 188-193. |
[14] | Radotic K, , Radenovic C, , Jeremic M. Spontaneous ultraweak bioluminescence in plants: origin, mechanisms and properties. Gen. Physiol. Biophys. (1998) ; 17: : 289-308. |
[15] | Hossu M, , Ma L, , Zou X, , Chen W. Enhancement of biophoton emission of prostate cancer cells by Ag nanoparticles. Cancer Nanotechnol. (2013) ; 4: : 21-26. |
[16] | Popp FA. Properties of biophotons and their theoretical implications. Indian J Exp Biol. (2003) ; 41: : 391-402. |
[17] | Rahnama M, , Bokkon I, , Tuszynski J, , Cifra M, , Sardar P, , Salari V. Emission of biophotons and neural activity of the brain. arXiv:1012.3371 [physics. bio-ph], (2011) . |
[18] | van Wijk R, , van Aken H. Light-induced photon emission by rat hepatocytes and hepatoma cells. Cell Biophys. (1991) ; 18: : 15-29. |
[19] | van Wijk R. Bio-photons and bio-communication. J Sci Explor. (2001) ; 15: : 183-197. |
[20] | Mihelic FM. A theoretical mechanism of Szilard engine function in nucleic acids and the implications for quantum coherence in biological systems. AIP Conf Proc. (2010) ; 1316: : 287-290. |
[21] | Jung H-H, , Yang J-M, , Woo W-M, , Choi C, , Yang J-S, , Soh K-S. Year-long biophoton measurements normalized frequency count analysis and seasonal dependency. J Photochem Photobiol B: Biol. (2005) ; 78: : 149-154. |
[22] | Prasad A, , Rossi C, , Lamponi S, , Pospisil P, , Foletti A. New perspective in cell communication: potential role of ultra-weak photon emission. J Photochem Photobiol B: Biol. (2014) ; 139: : 47-53. |
[23] | Sun Y, , Wang C, , Dai J. Biophotons as neural communication signals demonstrated by in situ biophoton autography. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. (2010) ; 9: : 315-322. |
[24] | Craddock TJA, , Priel A, , Tuszynski JA. Keeping time: Could quantum beating in microtubules be the basis for the neural synchrony related to consciousness? J Integr Neurosci. (2014) ; 13: : 293-311. |
[25] | Jaffe LF. Marine plants may polarize remote Fucus eggs via luminescence. Luminescence. (2005) ; 20: : 414-418. |
[26] | Penrose R. Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness. Oxford University Press; Oxford, (1994) ; |
[27] | Hameroff SR, , Penrose R. Conscious events as orchestrated space-time selections. J Conscious Stud. (1996) ; 3: : 36-53. |
[28] | Hameroff SR. Quantum computation in brain microtubules. The Penrose-Hameroff' Orch OR model of consciousness. Philos Trans R Soc Lond A. (1998) ; 356: : 1869-1896. |
[29] | Hameroff SR. The brain is both neurocomputer and quantum computer. Cognitive Sci. (2007) ; 31: : 1035-1045. |
[30] | Brassard G. Teleportation as a quantum computation. Physica D. (1998) ; 120: : 43-47. |
[31] | Hosna V, , Bassereh H, , Barkhordari A, , Salari V. A simulation for neurophotonic quantum computation in visual pathways. arXiv:1412.7551v1 [q-bio. OT], 2014. |
[32] | Thar R, , Kühl M. Propagation of electromagnetic radiation in mitochondria? J Theor Biol. (2004) ; 230: : 261-270. |
[33] | Bókkon I, , Salari V, , Tuszynski J, , Antal I. Estimation of the number of biophotons involved in the visual perception of a single object image: Biophoton intensity can be considerably higher inside cells than outside. J Photochem Photobiol B: Biol. (2010) ; 100: : 160-166. |
[34] | Chwirot BW, . Ultraweak luminescence studies of microsporogenesis in Larch. in Recent Advances in Biophoton Research and Its Applications. Popp FA, , Li KH, , Gu Q, eds. World Scientific; Singapore, (1992) ; pp. 259-285. |
[35] | Slawinski J. Luminescence research and its relation to ultraweak cell radiation. Experientia. (1988) ; 44: : 559-571. |
[36] | Bajpai RP, , Kumar S, , Sivadasan VA. Biophoton emission in the evolution of a squeezed state of a frequency stable damped oscillator. Appl Math Comput. (1998) ; 93: : 277-288. |
[37] | Blake T, , Dotta BT, , Buckner CA, , Cameron D, , Lafrenie RM, , Persinger MA. Biophoton emissions from cell cultures: biochemical evidence for the plasma membrane as the primary source. Gen Physiol Biophys. (2011) ; 30: : 301-309. |
[38] | Marchiolli MA, , Mizrahi SS. Dissipative mass-accreting quantum oscillator. J Phys A: Math Gen. (1997) ; 30: : 2619-2635. |
[39] | Choi JR. The effects of nonextensivity on quantum dissipation. Sci Rep. (2014) ; 4: : 3911. |
[40] | Goldstein H. Classical Mechanics. 2nd ed. Addison Wesley; New York, (1980) , Sec. 7 of Chap. 11. |
[41] | Goh JG. Mechanics [in Korean]. Cheong Mun Gak; Seoul, (1998) . |
[42] | Popp FA. Biophotons-background, experimental results, theoretical approach and applications. Res Adv Photochem Photobiol. (2000) ; 1: : 31-41. |
[43] | Alvermann M, , Srivastava YN. Biological electric fields and rate equations for biophotons. arXiv:1407.4689v1 [physics. gen-ph], 2014. |