Affiliations: [a] Department of Orthopaedics, Hannover Medical School, Germany | [b] Institute of Mechanics, University of Hannover, Germany | [c] Department of Veterinary Surgery, Hannover Veterinary School, Gemany | [d] Department of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover Medical School, Germany
Correspondence:
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Address for correspondence: Dr. med. Fritz Thorey, MD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Anna-von-Borries-Str. 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany. Tel.: +49 511 5354 545; Fax: +49 511 5354 682; E-mail: thorey@annastift.de.
Abstract: To manage fractures in long bones, intramedullar implants, plates or external fixators are often used. In many cases, the implants are removed after bone consolidation. X-ray images are normally used to monitor bone formation and to determine the point of return to full load bearing and removal of the implants. However, plain radiographs give only inaccurate information about the degree of healing progress. Known quantitative methods as QCT, DEXA, etc. provide information about bone density which certainly contributes to the mechanical properties of healing bone, but they do not provide a direct measurement of the stiffness of the healing callus. In this study we present an in vivo 4-point-bending stiffness device for small animals which is designed to directly monitor the progression of the healing process. The device was tested in a bone-defect model with different test-specimens chosen to simulate the stiffness of bone at different stages of healing. To verify the results, it was tested in an animal fracture study in rabbits during the healing period with and without an intramedulary implant. Both the test-specimen and bones of the in vivo study were compared with data in a materials testing system (MTS) in four-point bending. The device was found to have a high precision and significant in vitro and in vivo correlation with the MTS. The results suggest that this measurement device has the ability to monitor the healing process of bone and to analyse the influence of degradable implants on the mechanical behaviour of bone or bone metabolism effecting pharmaceutics.
Keywords: Fracture healing, in vivo monitoring, bone healing, small animal models, mechanical properties
