Affiliations: Division of Maritime Human Factors & Navigation, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Nicole Costa, Division of Maritime Human Factors and Navigation, Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Hörselgången 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. Tel.: +46 31 772 36 96; E-mail:nicole.costa@chalmers.se
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The more complex and perilous a sociotechnical system
is, the more crucial it is to have users and other relevant stakeholder
groups in focus throughout its design lifecycle. In the design and
development of ships and ship systems, there has been resistance towards the
integration of ergonomic principles through a human-centred approach as well
as to involving the user. This inattention can result in an inadequate
design, which may have negative repercussions on usability, ultimately
threatening the safety of onboard operations, overall system performance and
the well-being of the crew. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the perceived success factors of
participatory ergonomics based on the standpoint of young seafarers. METHODS: Such is achieved by examining a focus group with cadets
inspired by Grounded Theory approach. RESULTS: The findings reveal user participation as a designer's
essential contact with reality, provided that a set of pre-conditions that
supports the success of participatory ergonomics can be fulfilled: involving
the right users and filling in the gap between end-user needs and ship-owner
requirements. The consequent success factors are described at a usability
level, an intrinsic level for the end-users, and ultimately at the level of
increased safety and efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: User input may not only affect design as an outcome,
it may also influence the way participatory ergonomics is performed in the
maritime sector.
Keywords: User involvement, the human element, human factors, maritime
