Affiliations: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation/Rehabilitation and Research Center, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author, Box 980661, MCV Station, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
Abstract: This paper outlines general management strategies used to prevent and control agitation throughout the continuum of recovery from traumatic brain injury. These include environmental management, alterations in the behavior of staff and family, use of physical and chemical restraints, redirection and substitution, time out, operant procedures, self monitoring and relaxation training. The need for both flexibility in choice of strategies and consistency in application is emphasized, along with the importance of staff training and patient and family participation.
