Affiliations: [a] Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| [b] KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| [c] School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| [d] Music and Health Science Research Collaboratory (MaHRC), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| [e] Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Correspondence:
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Address for correspondence: Kara K. Patterson, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V7, Canada. Tel.: +1 416 946 8459; E-mail: kara.patterson@utoronto.ca.
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Traumatic brain injury has multiple impacts on gait including decreased speed and increased gait variability. Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) gait training uses the rhythm and timing structure of music to train and ultimately improve slow and variable walking patterns. OBJECTIVE:To describe the feasibility of RAS gait training in community-dwelling adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A secondary objective is to report changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters and clinical measures of balance and walking endurance. METHODS:Two individuals with a TBI participated in nine sessions of gait training with RAS over a 3-week period. At baseline, post-training and 3-week follow-up, spatiotemporal parameters of walking were analyzed at preferred pace, maximum pace and dual-task walking conditions. Secondary outcomes included the Community Balance and Mobility Scale and the 6-Minute Walk Test. Feasibility was assessed using reports of physical fatigue, adverse event reporting, and perceived satisfaction. RESULTS:Both participants completed all 9 planned intervention sessions. The sessions were well tolerated with no adverse events. Participant 1 and 2 exhibited different responses to the intervention in line with the therapeutic goals set with the therapist. Participant 1 exhibited improved speed and decreased gait variability. Participant 2 exhibited reduced gait speed but less fatigue during the 6MWT. CONCLUSIONS:RAS was found to be a safe and feasible gait intervention with the potential to improve some aspects of gait impairments related to gait speed, gait variability, dynamic balance and walking endurance. Further investigation including a pilot randomized controlled trial is warranted.
