Affiliations: Department of Neurology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA | [x] Brain Injury Rehabilitation Unit, HealthONE Spalding Rehabilitation Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA | [y] Neurobehavioral Disorders Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
Correspondence:
[*]
Corresponding author: Dr. Sandeep Khot, Department of Neurology, Harborview Medical Center, 325 9th Avenue, Box 359775, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. Tel.: +1 206 744 3251; Fax: +1 206 744 8787; E-mail: skhot@u.washington.edu
Abstract: Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI-BI) after cardiac arrest commonly results in neurological injury and long term dysfunction, with outcomes ranging from coma and vegetative states to functional disability with various degrees of dependence. Increased rates of bystander CPR and cardiac defibrillation has led to a rapid increase in successful resuscitations. Patients who reach the hospital after cardiac arrest may develop various neurological deficits or clinical syndromes that may preclude recovery to their premorbid baseline. Consequently, clinicians are faced with not only predicting outcome regarding wakefulness and independence but also with long term therapeutic management. Several neurological syndromes have been reported as consequences of HI-BI. This review will describe some of the more common syndromes seen after HI-BI, including the various levels of arousal, seizures, myoclonus, movement disorders, cognitive impairments, and other specific neurological abnormalities.
Keywords: Hypoxic-ischemic, cardiac arrest, outcome, coma
