Affiliations: [a] Tree of Life Services, Inc., Glen Allen, VA, USA | [b] Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA | [c] Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA | [d] Comprehensive Pain Program, The Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada | [e] Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. | [f] Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA | [g] Northeast Center for Special Care, Lake Katrine, NY, USA
Correspondence:
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Address for correspondence: Michael F. Martelli, Ph.D., Tree of Life Services, Inc., 13458 North Gayton, Richmond, VA 23233, USA. Tel.: +1 804 307 5293; Fax: +1 775 305 4791; E-mail: mfmartelli@villamartelli.com; Webpage: http://villamartelli.com
Abstract: Persistent cognitive, emotional and behavioral dysfunction following brain injury present formidable challenges in the area of neurorehabilitation. This paper reviews a model and practical methodology for community based neurorehabilitation based upon:
1.Evidence from the “automatic learning” and “errorless learning” literature for skills relearning after brain injury;2.A widely applicable task analytic approach to designing relevant skills retraining protocols;3.Analysis of organic, reactive, developmental, and characterological obstacles to strategy utilization and relearning, and generation of effective therapeutic interventions; and4.Procedures for (a) promoting rehabilitative strategy use adapted to acute and chronic neurologic losses, (b) an individual’s inherent reinforcement preferences and coping style, (c) reliant on naturalistic reinforcers which highlight relationships to functional goals, utilize social networks, and (d) employ a simple and appealing cognitive attitudinal system and set of procedures.
This Holistic Habit Retraining Model and methodology integrates core psychotherapeutic and learning principles as rehabilitation process ingredients necessary for optimal facilitation of skills retraining. It presents a model that generates practical, utilitarian strategies for retraining adaptive cognitive, emotional, behavioral and social skills, as well as strategies for overcoming common obstacles to utilizing methods that promote effective skills acquisition.
