Abstract: The basis of the safe operation of ecologically dangerous objects is formed at the design stage. Therefore, the primary goal of this stage is, whenever possible, full execution of technical and safety requirements that provide reliable safety systems and their effective maintenance. Among ecologically dangerous objects, nuclear power stations (NPSs) are especially important, since their normal operation is a basic problem. Multicriteria design problems and maintenance strategies of NPS protection systems are investigated in this paper. Using the example of an NPS, three optimization models for effective design and operation of ecologically dangerous objects are developed. In particular the model for effective maintenance of the NPS protection system is constructed. The model of constructing the NPS reliable protection system with minimal expenditures with primitive constraints and generalized ones is designed as well. We reduce these problems to multiobjective optimization (MO) problems. We have developed our method, the appropriate algorithm and the corresponding software for solving MO problems based on the gravitation centers method. Our software yields solutions for MO problems of effective design and maintenance service of a NPS, minimizing the risk of abnormal functioning and providing design of a reliable system of protection at minimal expense.
