Affiliations: [a]
Department of Health Beauty, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| [b]
Department of Healthcare Administration, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
Correspondence:
[*]
Corresponding author: Corresponding authors. Shang-Ting Hsieh, Department of Health Beauty, Fooyin University, 151 Jinxue Rd., Daliao Dist., Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan. E-mail: pt618@fy.edu.tw.
Abstract: BACKGROUND:
Dental health issues are on the rise, necessitating prompt and precise diagnosis. Automated dental condition classification can support this need. OBJECTIVE:
The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of deep learning methods and multimodal feature fusion techniques in advancing the field of automated dental condition classification. METHODS AND MATERIALS:
A dataset of 11,653 clinically sourced images representing six prevalent dental conditions—caries, calculus, gingivitis, tooth discoloration, ulcers, and hypodontia—was utilized. Features were extracted using five Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, then fused into a matrix. Classification models were constructed using Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Naive Bayes classifiers. Evaluation metrics included accuracy, recall rate, precision, and Kappa index. RESULTS:
The SVM classifier integrated with feature fusion demonstrated superior performance with a Kappa index of 0.909 and accuracy of 0.925. This significantly surpassed individual CNN models such as EfficientNetB0, which achieved a Kappa of 0.814 and accuracy of 0.847. CONCLUSIONS:
The amalgamation of feature fusion with advanced machine learning algorithms can significantly bolster the precision and robustness of dental condition classification systems. Such a method presents a valuable tool for dental professionals, facilitating enhanced diagnostic accuracy and subsequently improved patient outcomes.
