Baseline apparent diffusion coefficients: Validation study of new predictor of survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma following chemoembolization

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Xu, Lichao^{a; 1} | Wang, Shiqin^{b; 1} | Wang, Shengping^c | Wang, Ying^a | Li, Wentao^a | Lin, Guangwu^b | Yuan, Zheng^{b; d; *}

Affiliations: [a] Department of Interventional Radiology and Image Guided Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China | [b] Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China | [c] Department of Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China | [d] Department of Radiology, Shanghai No. 85 Hospital, Shanghai, China

Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author: Zheng Yuan, Department of Radiology, Huadong hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200050, China. Tel.: +86 21 64175590 3613; Fax: +86 21 64049870; E-mail: yuanzheng0404@163.com.

Note: [1] Lichao Xu and Shiqin Wang contributed equally to this work.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether the baseline apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can predict survival in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving chemoembolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of HCC patients is performed within 2 weeks before chemoembolization. The ADC of the largest index lesion is recorded. Responses are assessed by mRECIST after the start of the second course of chemoembolization. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis is performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and determine optimal cut-off values. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses are used to explore the differences in overall survival (OS) between the responders and non-responders. RESULTS:The difference is statistically significant in the baseline ADC between the responders and non-responders (P < 0.001). ROC analyses indicate that the baseline ADC value is a good predictor of response to treatment with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.744 and the optimal cut-off value of 1.22×10–3 mm2/s. The Cox regression model shows that the baseline ADC is an independent predictor of OS, with a 57.2% reduction in risk. CONCLUSION:An optimal baseline ADC value is a functional imaging response biomarker that has higher discriminatory power to predict tumor response and prolonged survival following chemoembolization in HCC patients.

Keywords: Chemoembolization, therapeutic, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, carcinoma, hepatocellular, prognosis, response evaluation criteria in solid tumors

DOI: 10.3233/XST-200827

Journal: Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 507-516, 2021