Affiliations: [a] Department of Computer Science & IT, The University of Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan
| [b] Department of Underwater Acoustics Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, China
| [c] Department of Information System, Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz University, AL-Kharj, KSA | [d] Department of Business & Economics, The University of Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan
| [e] Department of Education & Research, The University of Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Imran Ullah Khan, College of Underwater Acoustics Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, China. E-mail: khan@hrbeu.edu.cn.
Abstract: In this paper, we present a review of the research literature regarding applying X-ray imaging of baggage scrutiny at airport. It discusses multiple X-ray imaging inspection systems used in airports for detecting dangerous objects inside the baggage. Moreover, it also explains the dual energy X-ray image fusion and image enhancement factors. Different types of noises in digital images and noise models are explained in length. Diagrammatical representations for different noise models are presented and illustrated to clearly show the effect of Poisson and Impulse noise on intensity values. Overall, this review discusses in detail of Poisson and Impulse noise, as well as its causes and effect on the X-ray images, which create un-certainty for the X-ray inspection imaging system while discriminating objects and for the screeners as well. The review then focuses on image processing techniques used by different research studies for X-ray image enhancement, de-noising, and their limitations. Furthermore, the most related approaches for noise reduction and its drawbacks are presented. The methods that may be useful to overcome the drawbacks are also discussed in subsequent sections of this paper. In summary, this review paper highlights the key theories and technical methods used for X-ray image enhancement and de-noising effect on X-ray images generated by the airport baggage inspection system.
