Affiliations: [a] Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| [b] Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Institute of Informatics, Istanbul, Turkey
| [c] College of Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
Correspondence:
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Corresponding authors: Adem Polat, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, BIRC, Division of Engineering in Medicine, 65 Landsdowne St, Rm 270, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. Tel.: +1 781 350 6912; E-mails: apolat@mit.edu and polatadem@itu.edu.tr; Isa Yildirim, Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Institute of Informatics, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey. Tel.: +90 212 285 3562; E-mail: iyildirim@itu.edu.tr.
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Iterative image reconstruction in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) is a developing modality that produces three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images of a breast to detect suspicious lesions. Algebraic reconstruction technique (ART), one of the iterative image reconstruction methods, was applied to reconstruct 3D data of breast and is becoming as one alternative method for the conventional image reconstruction techniques such as filtered back projection (FBP) in DBT imaging. OBJECTIVE:A new majorization-minimization (MM) algorithm was presented for TV denoising of signals. In the field of DBT, however, the algorithm has not yet been applied. In this study, we proposed a new method of “ART+TV3D+MM,” which applies (MM) algorithm to the images reconstructed by ART+TV3D for different imaging dose levels to investigate a possible reduction of radiation dose. METHODS:Projections of a real breast phantom (CD Pasmam 1054) were acquired with a Siemens MAMMOMAT DBT system. The proposed new method was repeated and tested with 3 different radiation dose levels. The quality of the images reconstructed using the proposed new method were compared with those generated by the commonly used FBP method using both qualitative and quantitative assessments. RESULTS:The new method showed superior results in terms of visual assessment, contrast to noise ratios (CNR), full width at half maximum (FWHM) values and 1D profiles compared with FBP of the Siemens MAMMOMAT. CNR values were evaluated for two different region of interests (ROIs). For instance, CNR values of ROI-2 of FBP and of new method were 1.670 and 1.978 at 100 mAs, respectively. Moreover, while CNR value of ROI-1 of FBP at 100 mAs was 0.955, CNR value of ROI-1 of using new method at 100 mAs was 48.163. FWHM values for FBP and the new method were 2.328 and 1.765 at 56 mAs, 2.032 and 1.661 at 100 mAs, and 2.111 and 1.736 at 199 mAs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The results support that using the new method of “ART+TV3D+MM” could help decrease the radiation dose level, which is one of the most critical limitations of DBT imaging.
Keywords: Digital breast tomosynthesis, iterative reconstruction, algebraic reconstruction technique, 3D total variation, majorization-minimization, real DBT image
