Virtual scatter modulation for X-ray CT scatter correction using primary modulator

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Gao, Hewei^{a; *} | Zhu, Lei^{b; c} | Fahrig, Rebecca^a

Affiliations: [a] Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA | [b] Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Programs, The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA | [c] Department of Modern Physics, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China

Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author: H. Gao is now at Reflexion Medical, Hayward, CA 94545, USA. Tel.: +1 518 618 2928; E-mail: gaohewei@gmail.com.

Abstract: A new scatter estimation algorithm with a concept of virtual scatter modulation for X-ray scatter correction using primary modulator is proposed to reduce the aliasing errors in the estimated scatter. Virtual scatter modulation can be realized through dividing the measured primary-modulated image by the measured modulation function. After the division, the aggravation of the aliasing of primary due to the non-uniformity of the modulation function is largely transferred to that of scatter. Since scatter in general has less high frequencies than primary does, the aggravation of its aliasing is expected to be weaker, and therefore the overall aliasing can be reduced. A CatPhan©600 phantom and an anthropomorphic thorax phantom are scanned on a tabletop X-ray cone-beam computed tomography system to validate our proposed algorithm. On the Catphan phantom, the oscillations that are clearly observed in the central region of the Catphan scatter profile estimated using the original primary-modulation algorithm, are mostly eliminated with the proposed scatter modulation algorithm, leading to less residual artifacts and better CT number uniformity in the reconstructed image. Compared with 38.9 HU of CT nonuniformity in a selected uniform region when the primary-modulation algorithm is used, the new algorithm significantly reduces it to 4.5 HU, reaching the same level of uniformity as the ground truth reference. On the thorax phantom, overall better CT number uniformity is also achieved.

Keywords: Primary modulator, scatter modulation, scatter correction, cone-beam CT

DOI: 10.3233/XST-17251

Journal: Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 869-885, 2017