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Article type: Research Article
Authors: Shealy, David L. | Gabardi, David R. | Hoover, Richard B. | Walker Jr., Arthur B. C. | Lindblom, Joakim F. | Barbee Jr., Troy W.
Affiliations: Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 | Space Science Laboratory, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812 | Center for Space Science and Astrophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
Abstract: Normal incidence multilayer Cassegrain x-ray telescopes were flown on the Stanford/MSFC Rocket X-Ray Spectroheliograph. These instruments produced high spatial resolution images of the Sun and conclusively demonstrated that doubly reflecting multilayer x-ray optical systems are feasible. The images indicated that aplanatic imaging soft x-ray /EUV microscopes should be achievable using multilayer optics technology. We have designed a doubly reflecting normal incidence multilayer imaging x-ray microscope based on the Schwarzschild configuration. The Schwarzschild microscope utilizes two spherical mirrors with concentric radii of curvature which are chosen such that the third-order spherical aberration and coma are minimized. We discuss the design of the microscope and the results of the optical system ray trace analysis which indicates that diffraction-limited performance with 600 Å spatial resolution should be obtainable over a 1 mm field of view at a wavelength of 100 Å. Fabrication of several imaging soft x-ray microscopes based upon these designs, for use in conjunction with x-ray telescopes and laser fusion research, is now in progress. High resolution aplanatic imaging x-ray microscopes using normal incidence multilayer x-ray mirrors should have many important applications in advanced x-ray astronomical instrumentation, x-ray lithography, biological, biomedical, metallurgical, and laser fusion research.
DOI: 10.3233/XST-1989-1207
Journal: Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 190-206, 1989
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