Affiliations: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Note: [] Corresponding author: Steven W. Hetts, Neurointerventional Radiology, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-352, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA. Tel.: +1 415 353 186; Fax: +1 415 353 8606; E-mail: steven.hetts@ucsf.edu.
Abstract: Spinal vascular malformations in children differ in several ways from those found in adults. Genetic syndromes are more common in the pediatric population. Onset of symptoms and clinical presentation is often more acute than in adults. Angioarchitecture of the various spinal vascular malformations differs from adults, with relative overrepresentation of perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas and nidal arteriovenous malformations and a dearth of dural fistulas. Fortunately, excellent results can often be obtained with endovascular or surgical intervention. This review will briefly examine the anatomy, genetics, clinical presentation, imaging, treatment, and outcomes of spinal vascular malformations in children.
