Blood Lipid Biomarkers in Early Parkinson’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Deng, Xiao^{a; b} | Saffari, Seyed Ehsan^{a; c} | Ng, Samuel Yong Ern^a | Chia, Nicole^a | Tan, Jayne Yi^a | Choi, Xinyi^a | Heng, Dede Liana^a | Xu, Zheyu^a | Tay, Kay-Yaw^a | Au, Wing-Lok^{a; b} | Liu, Nan^d | Ng, Adeline^{a; b} | Tan, Eng-King^{a; b; 1} | Tan, Louis C.S.^{a; b; 1; *}

Affiliations: [a] Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore | [b] Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore | [c] Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore | [d] Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Dr. Louis C.S. Tan, Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore. E-mail: louis.tan.c.s@singhealth.com.sg.

Note: [1] joint senior authors

Abstract: Background:Lipid biomarkers have potential neuroprotective effects in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and there is limited evidence in the field. Objective:This study aims to investigate the association between comprehensive blood lipid biomarkers and PD. Methods:A total of 205 PD patients and 102 non-PD subjects were included from Early Parkinson’s disease Longitudinal Singapore (PALS) cohort. We investigated 6 serum lipid biomarkers including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B). PD patients were further classified into mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognition (NC) subgroups. We conducted a cross-sectionals study to examine the association between lipids and PD and further explored the relationship between lipids and PD-MCI. Results:PD patients had significantly lower level of lipid panel including TC, TG, HDL-C, Apo A1, LDL-C, and Apo B (all p < 0.05). TC, TG, Apo A1, and Apo B levels were independent protective factors (p < 0.05) for PD in the logistic regression model. PD-MCI group had significantly higher mean TC, TG, and Apo A1 levels compared to PD-NC group. Higher TC, TG, and Apo A1 levels were independent risk factors (p < 0.05) for PD-MCI. Conclusion:We demonstrated that PD patients had significantly lower levels of lipid biomarkers while PD-MCI patients had higher levels of TC, TG, and Apo A1. TC, TG, and Apo A1 may be useful biomarkers for PD-MCI.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, cognitive impairment, blood lipid biomarkers

DOI: 10.3233/JPD-213135

Journal: Journal of Parkinson's Disease, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1937-1943, 2022